安乐死立法之管见

发布时间：2018-05-16 23:17

本文选题：安乐死 + 立法　；参考：《中国政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：安乐死作为一个热点话题,所涵盖的内容极为复杂,它不仅涉及到哲学、医学、法学、宗教、伦理学等等多门学科,而且还牵涉到医生、病人、家庭、社会等多方面的关系,所以在学术界尚存在着许多争议。本文通过对安乐死在法律层面上进行的系统论述,提出了中国在现行条件下为安乐死立法的可行的建议。首先,本文从安乐死的定义入手,选取几个具有代表性的定义,引出了安乐死的概念,并阐述了定义中应包含的基本要素的观点。然后经过对诸多资料的分析,对学术界普遍接受的基本分类方法进行了概括性描述,理清了安乐死分类的大致脉络。在本文第二章,先是通过对国际上主要国家和地区的安乐死合法化进程的介绍阐明了安乐死的合法化符合国际立法潮流。然后通过大量的例证说明,中国在临床、行政、司法等领域因为缺乏统一的规范性指引,导致各个领域之间,甚至一个领域内部,对待安乐死问题会产生不同的处理结果。较为混乱的现状,对我国的法制统一性和法律权威性造成了不利影响。因此笔者认为安乐死在中国立法具有必要性。随后本文针对安乐死在我国立法已经具备了坚实的社会基础和充分的法理基础,对安乐死立法可行性做了充分论证。在社会基础方面,文章列举了我国多年来关于安乐死问题的探讨历程,并以数据说明了民众的压倒性的支持态度。在法理基础方面,文章从有限的死亡权是权利主体生命权的重要内容、在特定情况下自然权利可被人为干预、个体对生存权的放弃或放任为社会所允许、人类有权对生命的自然进程进行积极或消极干预、医患关系的法理学审视、安乐死不具有刑事违法性等几个方面,为我国安乐死立法提出了较为坚实的理论基础。在第三章,本文首先结合对具有一定代表性的荷兰《依请求终止生命与帮助自杀(审查程序)法》、台湾地区《安宁缓和医疗条例》以及祝世讷、冯秀云、梁中天等学者起草的《安乐死暂行条例(草案建议稿)》的内容比较分析,从安乐死的适用对象、安乐死的申请主体、安乐死的实施主体、安乐死的施行方式、安乐死的实施目的、安乐死的配套制度、安乐死的监督管理出发,在安乐死的立法内容上提出了独到的,详尽的,具有可操作性的建议。最后部分,本文在安乐死的立法层级以及与其他法律的衔接方面,提出了具体的看法。
[Abstract]:Euthanasia, as a hot topic, covers a very complex content. It not only involves philosophy, medicine, law, religion, ethics, and so on, but also involves the relationship between doctors, patients, families, society, and so on. So there are still many controversies in academia. Based on the systematic discussion of euthanasia on the legal level, this paper puts forward some feasible suggestions for China to legislate for euthanasia under the present conditions. First of all, this paper starts with the definition of euthanasia, selects several representative definitions, leads to the concept of euthanasia, and expounds the viewpoint of the basic elements that should be included in the definition. Then, through the analysis of many data, the basic classification methods generally accepted in academic circles are described in a general way, and the general context of euthanasia classification is clarified. In the second chapter, the legalization process of euthanasia in major countries and regions in the world is introduced. The legalization of euthanasia accords with the trend of international legislation. Then through a large number of examples, China in the clinical, administrative, judicial and other fields because of the lack of unified normative guidance, leading to each field, even within a field, the treatment of euthanasia will produce different results. The confused situation has adversely affected the unity and authority of our country's legal system. Therefore, the author believes that euthanasia in China has the necessity of legislation. Then this article has already had the solid social foundation and the sufficient legal theory foundation to euthanasia legislation in our country, has made the sufficient demonstration to the euthanasia legislation feasibility. In the aspect of social foundation, the article lists the discussion course of euthanasia in our country for many years, and explains the overwhelming support attitude of the people with data. In the legal basis, the article from the limited right to death is an important content of the right to life, natural rights can be human intervention under certain circumstances, individual abandonment of the right to life or laissez-faire is allowed by society. Human beings have the right to intervene positively or negatively in the natural process of life, examine the relationship between doctors and patients in jurisprudence, and euthanasia does not have criminal illegality, which provides a solid theoretical basis for the legislation of euthanasia in our country. In the third chapter, this paper first combines with the Netherlands Act on termination of Life upon request and assisted suicide (Review procedure) Act, the Taiwan District regulations on tranquillity and palliative Care, as well as Zhu Shina, Feng Xiuyun, A comparative analysis of the contents of the interim regulations on euthanasia (draft proposal) drafted by Liang Zhongtian and other scholars, from the point of view of the applicable object of euthanasia, the application subject of euthanasia, the main body of implementation of euthanasia, and the mode of implementation of euthanasia, The purpose of euthanasia, the supporting system of euthanasia, the supervision and management of euthanasia, put forward original, detailed and operable suggestions on the legislative content of euthanasia. In the last part, the author puts forward some specific views on euthanasia legislative level and its connection with other laws.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D920.4

【参考文献】