明清时期的调解制度及其现代启示

发布时间：2018-05-17 06:04

本文选题：明清时期 + 调解制度　；参考：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：适用调解的方式处理纠纷可以说是中华民族为人类社会作出的一个杰出贡献。以明清调解为代表的中国传统调解制度以其调解形式多样、调解程序灵活、调解成本低廉以及调解结果可靠而备受世人关注并延续至今,并因其在息讼解纷中的独特作用更被西方观察家们誉为诉讼中的“东方经验”。调解在中国之所以能够成为解决纠纷的常规方式,与中国的传统社会结构和法制文化形态存在密切联系,但是,随着历史的变迁和社会的发展,传统调解的内涵和外延也在发生着变化。特别是中国实行改革开放以来,许多传统的观念与现代性思维发生了不可避免的碰撞,调解制度也在经历着时代潮流的冲击。正基于此,本文以现有的研究成果为基础,透过现代的眼光和理性的思维来重新审视明清调解制度,希冀能够为我国现代调解制度的重构之路提供历史的借鉴。本文共由四部分组成。第一部分首先从分析传统调解制度的源流入手,去探究其原始表现和在历朝历代中的沿革,并将其总体发展历程概括为萌芽成型期、制度化发展期以及完备成熟期三个阶段。第二部分针对明清时期调解制度的三种主要形式和五个基本特征作了详细阐述,并对各种形式之间的相互关系做了进一步说明。以上述两部分的论述为基础,第三部分分别从思想、社会、经济和政治四个角度对明清时期调解制度为什么产生进行追根溯源,得出儒家“无讼”论、宗族家法的存在、自给自足的小农经济以及统治者对秩序和稳定的追求是明清时期调解制度表面背后的深层次根源。第四部分则主要从三个方面重点阐述明清时期调解制度对后世的影响及对现代的启示。首先通过介绍明清以后调解制度在中国的发展来说明其对后世产生的深远影响；其次从积极意义与负面影响两方面对明清时期的调解制度进行价值评析；最后本着“择其适者而从之,择其悖者而改之”的精神从三个方面对重构我国现代调解制度提出合理化和可行性建议以期在现代性因素的渗入下使调解这种古老的纠纷解决方式焕发出新的光彩。
[Abstract]:Dealing with disputes in the way of mediation can be said to be an outstanding contribution of the Chinese nation to the human society. The Chinese traditional mediation system, represented by the Ming and Qing Dynasties, has attracted the world's attention and continued until now because of its various mediation forms, flexible mediation procedures, low mediation costs and reliable results of mediation. The unique role of it is known as the "Eastern experience" in the lawsuit by Western observers. Mediation in China can become a conventional way of resolving disputes, closely related to the traditional social structure and legal culture form of China. However, the connotation and extension of traditional mediation are also being developed with the change of history and the development of society. Since the reform and opening up in China, in particular, many traditional ideas have inevitably collided with the modern thinking, and the mediation system is also experiencing the impact of the trend of the times. Hoping to provide a historical reference for the reconstruction of modern mediation system in China.
This article is composed of four parts. The first part begins with the analysis of the origin of the traditional mediation system, explores its original performance and evolution in the calendar dynasties, and generalizes its overall development process as the germination period, the period of institutionalized development and the complete maturity of three stages. The second part is aimed at the three kinds of mediation system in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The main forms and five basic features are expounded in detail, and the relationship between the various forms is further explained. On the basis of the two parts of the above, the third parts of the mediation system in the Ming and Qing Dynasties are traced back from the four angles of thought, society, economy and politics, and the Confucian "no litigation" is obtained. On the other hand, the existence of the clan family law, the self-sufficient small peasant economy and the rulers' pursuit of order and stability are the deep roots behind the surface of the mediation system in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The fourth part mainly expounds the influence of the mediation system on the later generations in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the enlightenment to the modern times from three aspects. First, the following is introduced through the introduction of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. To explain the profound influence of the system on the future generations in China; secondly, to evaluate the value of the mediation system in the Ming and Qing Dynasties from two aspects of positive and negative effects. Finally, the spirit of "choosing the fittest and choosing its paradoxes" has been put forward in three aspects to reconstruct our modern mediation system. With the infiltration of modernity factors, mediation and feasibility proposals will bring new glory to mediation.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929;D925.14

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