“公平”本质的实验研究——神经认知与演化的视角

发布时间：2018-05-22 17:00

本文选题：公平 + 神经认知　；参考：《厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014年04期

【摘要】：公平是人类社会的一个基本的制度和哲理问题。当代一些神经认知实验基本上证明,公平可能首先是作为一种道德情感或者直觉,然后才是一种道德理性。演化博弈理论论证则表明,公平很可能是演化稳定策略,从而在长期演化中最后沉淀为人性。而交换公平在人类演化中具有特殊的"超越演化"意义——其能够整合多数个体的个人偏好和特长,使之能够为社会所共享,从而省却了长时期的演化时间。在综合的基础上可以发现,"策略—→ESS策略—→人性(神经机制)—→自然法和实证法"的几个阶段才是公平的发展历程。据此发展历程,哈耶克的"自生自发秩序"、休谟的"道德情感"、康德的"道德律令"以及罗尔斯的"作为公平的正义"等均能够获得一定程度的统一,他们的学说都对公平的本质具有解释意义。
[Abstract]:Fairness is a basic system and philosophy of human society. Some modern neurocognitive experiments basically prove that fairness may be first as a moral emotion or intuition, then as a moral reason. The evolutional game theory demonstrates that fairness is probably a strategy of evolutionary stability, and thus precipitates into human nature in the long run. In human evolution, exchange fairness has a special meaning of "transcending evolution"-it can integrate the individual preferences and specialties of most individuals, so that it can be shared by society, thus saving the long time of evolution. On the basis of synthesis, it can be found that the stages of "strategy-ESS strategy-human nature (neural mechanism)-natural law and empirical law" are the course of fair development. Accordingly, Hayek's "spontaneous order", Hume's "moral emotion", Kant's "moral decree" and Rawls'"Justice as Fairness" can be unified to a certain extent. Their theories all have an explanatory meaning to the essence of fairness.
【作者单位】：厦门大学法学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社科研究青年基金项目“司法公正之行为实验研究”(14YJC820055)
【分类号】：D90

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