社会学意蕴下的昂格尔批判法学

发布时间：2018-05-30 09:59

本文选题：法治 + 社会组织　；参考：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：法治作为现代西方自由主义社会的最基本治理模式，昂格尔将其称之为“法律秩序”。人类社会发展至今产生了不同的社会形态，，社会形态的变化也孕育了法律类型的发展。昂格尔借鉴马克思·韦伯“理想类型”的方法，将人类历史上出现过的社会形态分为部落社会、贵族社会、自由主义社会三种类型；三种社会形态下孕育有三种法律类型，即习惯法、官僚法和法律秩序。其中，法律秩序是西方自由主义社会特有的，它具备习惯法和官僚法所没有的普遍性和自治性特征。这种法律类型一直被西方主流法学——自由主义法学视为目前为止人类社会出现的最理想的社会治理模式，把它看作是符合历史逻辑的必然趋势。但是，昂格尔却并不这么认为，他通过对西欧封建社会末期社会深沉结构的考察，发现法治诞生完全是当时社会的多元利益集团与人们自然法观念的偶然结合，并非是什么历史必然的结果；通过对自由主义社会的等级秩序和社会共识之矛盾的深刻揭露，指出法治理想的虚假性。当自由主义社会的种种矛盾导致法治理想的不能实现时，社会又寄希望于通过福利国家和合作国家的方式来改善自由主义社会的种种问题。但是，恰恰这两个可以称之为后自由主义社会的社会形态却导致了法治的解体，法治的普遍性和自治性从根本上的到了破坏，法治趋于消亡。除去引言，本文共分为五章。第一章简要介绍了昂格尔社会法律批判理论的社会背景和理论渊源。第二章主要论述昂格尔的社会类型与法律类型的思想。第三章主要论述昂格尔社会法律理论批判的对象——法治的形成。第四章主要论述法治理想的虚假性问题。在自由主义社会中，由于社会组织结构——等级秩序的开放性，社会意识——共识的瓦解使得自由主义社会法治理想的两个假设，即最重要的权力必须集中于政府和法律能够有效约束权力被证明是虚假的。第五章主要论述后自由主义社会种种变化对法治的冲击。自由主义社会存在的种种矛盾导致社会形态必然有所变化，以应对人们对实质平等、合法性的要求，自由主义社会逐渐转变为福利——合作国家。正是这种变化使得法治的普遍性和自治性要求分崩离析，法治危在旦夕，法将不法。
[Abstract]:As the most basic governance mode of modern western liberal society, Unger calls it "legal order". The development of human society has produced different social forms, and the changes of social forms have given birth to the development of legal types. By drawing lessons from Marx Weber's "ideal Type" method, Unger divides the social forms that have appeared in human history into three types: tribal society, aristocratic society and liberal society, under which there are three types of law, such as tribal society, aristocratic society and liberal society. That is, customary law, bureaucratic law and legal order. Among them, legal order is characteristic of western liberal society, which has the characteristics of universality and autonomy which are not existed in customary law and bureaucratic law. This type of law has always been regarded as the most ideal mode of social governance in human society by the western mainstream jurisprudence-liberal jurisprudence, and it is regarded as an inevitable trend in line with the historical logic. However, Unger did not think so. Through his investigation of the deep structure of the society in the late feudal society of Western Europe, he found that the birth of the rule of law was entirely a casual combination of the pluralistic interest groups of the society at that time and the concept of natural law of people. This paper points out the falsehood of the ideal of the rule of law by exposing the contradiction between the hierarchy order and the social consensus in the liberal society. When all kinds of contradictions in liberal society lead to the unrealization of the ideal of rule of law, the society hopes to improve the problems of liberal society through the way of welfare state and cooperative state. However, these two social forms, which can be called post-liberal society, lead to the disintegration of the rule of law, the universality and autonomy of the rule of law from the fundamental to the destruction, the rule of law tends to die out. Apart from the introduction, this paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces the social background and theoretical origin of Angell's critical theory of social law. The second chapter mainly discusses Angell's social type and the thought of legal type. The third chapter mainly discusses the formation of the rule of law, the object of Angell's criticism of social law theory. Chapter four mainly discusses the falsehood of the ideal of rule of law. In liberal society, because of the openness of social organization structure-hierarchy order and the disintegration of social consciousness-consensus, two hypotheses of the ideal of ruling by law in liberal society are made. That is, the most important power must be concentrated in the government and the law can effectively restrain the power is proved false. The fifth chapter mainly discusses the impact of various changes in post-liberal society on the rule of law. Various contradictions in liberal society lead to certain changes in social formation, in order to cope with people's demand for substantive equality and legitimacy, and liberalism society is gradually transformed into a welfare-cooperation state. It is this kind of change that makes the universality and autonomy of the rule of law fall apart, the rule of law is at stake, the law will be illegal.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D90-052

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