谈历史上的容隐制度及其对现代刑法的影响

发布时间：2018-06-15 19:06

本文选题：容隐制度 + 亲情　；参考：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国古代的容隐制度在很早的时候就有了,其萌芽可以追溯到西周时期制定的“亲亲”“尊尊”的周礼,以及春秋时期孔子“父为子隐,子为父隐,直在其中矣”的言论。从秦朝起到清朝末年我国封建制度解体,都一直保留了容隐制度,这表示我国的封建统治者在法律与亲情相冲突时一直都在寻求一个平衡,对亲情预留了更大的空间,按照身份的不同对同一罪行分别处罚,维护家庭的稳定,维护社会秩序。到了民国的时候,我国已经不是一个封建的国家了,西学东渐和现代法律制度的建立使得我国的法律有了很大的改变,但是容隐这一制度却一直得以保留。台湾刑法受民国时期刑法影响很大,所以在其现行刑法中也保留了容隐制度。西方也有容隐制度,并且从古沿用至今,现代西方国家的刑法中也承认这一制度。虽然东西方在文化、思想、观点上有很多的不同之处,但是都产生了内容相似的容隐制度,这说明了这种制度是符合全人类道德和情感期待的,是符合人性的制度。我国现行刑法中没有关于亲属容隐的规定,我认为这种缺失是很让人遗憾的。我国的法律中应该引入容隐制度,承认亲情的分量,缓和“情”与“法”的冲突,构建和谐社会。所以我搜集资料写了本文。本文分为引言、四个章节和结论六个部分。在引言中,我说明了写作本文的缘起及论文的研究对象、文献综述及写作背景、主旨、目的、意义。然后在正文中进行具体介绍。第一章是容隐制度的历史沿革,介绍了中国古代的容隐制度和西方古代的容隐制度,让大家看到虽然东西方文化不同,但是都孕育出了亲属容隐这一符合人性的制度。第二章是现代西方的容隐制度,通过按罪名分类的方式介绍了不同国家关于盗窃罪、侵占罪、诈骗罪、隐匿犯罪人罪、湮灭证据罪等与容隐有关的罪行是如何规定的,然后还介绍了一下台湾的刑法中关于容隐制度的规定。第三章是探讨容隐制度是否应该引入现行刑法中来,有的学者认为容隐制度是一种封建糟粕,应该被摒弃,不应该引入刑法。但是有的学者认为容隐制度是一种符合人性、符合期待可能性的制度,是维护人伦亲情的制度,应该引入现代刑法中来。我赞同后一种观点,认为应该在我国刑法中引入容隐制度。第四章是关于如何在现行刑法中引入容隐制度的制度设计。我认为我国可以把与容隐有关的罪名设定为亲告罪;然后规定可容隐亲属的范围:限于配偶、直系血亲和同居共财的亲属;再规定容隐制度的处罚是“可以减轻或免除处罚”,而不是规定“应当减轻或免除处罚”。因为现代社会注重对个人权利的保护,人们觉醒了自由的意识,不愿意被家庭、宗族等束缚,追求自由和自己权利的实现,所以在具体案件中要区别对待。如果犯罪人的情节特别恶劣,或者被害人觉得不公正,不能容忍自己亲属的这种作为,还是应该予以惩处,否则就不能保护个人的权利,损害了被害人的利益,将身份凌驾于个人权利之。这样的行为是不符合现代刑法精神的。最后得出结论:我国应该在现行刑法中引入容隐制度,但是在引入的时候要小心,不能造成历史的倒退。
[Abstract]:From Qin Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty , China ' s feudal rulers have been seeking a balance , reserving more space for the same crime , maintaining the stability of the family and maintaining the social order .

Western countries also have an implicit system , and from ancient times to now , the criminal law of modern western countries also recognized the system . Although East and West have many differences in culture , thought and point of view , it has produced a similar implicit system , which indicates that the system is in accordance with the human morality and the emotion expectation , and is a system that conforms to humanity .

In our country ' s current criminal law , there is no provision on the allowance of relatives , and I think this lack is very regrettable . The law of our country should introduce the tolerance system , recognize the component of the affection , relax the conflict between the " feelings " and the law , and build a harmonious society . So I have gathered the information to write this paper . This paper is divided into three parts : introduction , four chapters and conclusion .

In the introduction , I explained the origin of writing and the research object of the thesis , literature review and writing background , subject , purpose and significance . Chapter one is the historical evolution of the implicit system , introduces the implicit system in ancient China and the implicit system in ancient times , which makes it possible to see that while the East and West culture is different , it has raised the relative capacity of relatives to conceal the human nature .

The second chapter is the implicit system of modern west , and introduces the crime of crime of theft , crime of aggression , fraud , concealment of the crime of the crime , the crime of annihilation evidence and so on by the way of classification according to the crime , then introduces the provisions of the criminal law of Taiwan concerning the implicit system .

The third chapter is to discuss whether the implicit system should be introduced into the existing criminal law . Some scholars think that the implicit system is a feudal dross , should be rejected and should not be introduced into the criminal law . But some scholars think that the implicit system is a system which accords with the human nature and is in conformity with the expectation possibility . It is the system of maintaining the affection of the human being . I agree with the latter point of view that we should introduce the tolerance system in the criminal law of our country .

The fourth chapter is about how to introduce the system design of the implicit system in the current criminal law . I think that our country can set aside the charges related to it as a crime ; and then the scope of the implicit relatives is limited to the spouse , lineal relatives and relatives of the same person ;

Finally , it comes to the conclusion that our country should introduce the implicit system in the current criminal law , but be careful not to cause the retrogression of history when it is introduced .
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D929;D924.1

【参考文献】