澳大利亚补贴与反补贴法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 22:59

本文选题：补贴 + 反补贴　；参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文介绍澳大利亚补贴与反补贴的法律制度。补贴是指一国政府或任何公共机构向本国的生产者或出口经营者提供的资金或财政优惠措施，包括现金补贴或其他政策优惠待遇，使其产品在国际市场上比未享受补贴的同类产品处于有利的竞争地位。广义的补贴有适当与不适当之分。适当的补贴受到法律保护。不适当的补贴往往会对他国市场乃至国际经济秩序造成不利影响。因此，各国在国际贸易中有必要采取反补贴措施。反补贴是国家维护对外贸易秩序的重要法律手段，可以制止不公平交易，规范贸易竞争行为，保护本国工业。反补贴也是适应国际间发展贸易关系的需要，对维护国际经济贸易新秩序具有重要意义。因此对各国补贴与反补贴法律制度进行研究具有一定的理论和实践价值。本文共分为五个部分。第一部分首先对补贴与反补贴进行概述，即介绍补贴与反补贴的定义，并对当今国际补贴与反补贴形势以及WTO《补贴与反补贴措施协定》的内容进行介绍。与此同时，第一部分采取数据对比的方法,介绍澳大利亚近几年的反补贴状况。第二部分研究澳大利亚补贴与反补贴法律渊源与执行机构，以及补贴与反补贴实体规则。澳大利亚补贴与反补贴法律渊源主要包括宪法与海关法。宪法具有最高法律效力，海关法为反补贴提供理论依据和实践指导。澳大利亚反补贴执行机构主要包括海关与边防总署、内政部长、贸易措施审查官，澳联邦法院。在分别介绍各个执行机构时，本文对该行政机构的性质、职能、反补贴执行细则进行简要介绍。在补贴与反补贴实体规则部分，本文依据澳大利亚海关法，对补贴、损害、因果关系进行详细介绍：补贴如何划分为可诉补贴与可排除的补贴；损害以及因果关系如何认定，，以及相关的政策依据和实践状况。第三部分介绍澳大利亚补贴与反补贴程序规则。该部分以反补贴流程为序，包括当事人申请、海关立案调查、反补贴措施的采取、行政复审、进行诉讼等环节。本部分介绍的重点，是海关进行立案调查的条件，调查程序，反补贴措施的类别，采取反补贴措施的条件，以及行政复审的主体和复审范围。文章第四部分引入澳大利亚反补贴案例——中国铝挤压制品案，介绍澳反补贴实践状况。该案涉及反补贴申请、反补贴调查、初裁、终裁多个阶段，且在反补贴申请是否符合条件、是否构成补贴、是否造成实质损害方面具有争议性，因此具有一定的研究价值。文章第五部分是对本文主要内容的总结。
[Abstract]:This paper introduces the legal system of subsidy and countervailing in Australia. Subsidies are financial or financial incentives provided by a Government or any public institution to producers or exporters of that country, including cash subsidies or other policy preferences, Make their products in the international market than the same kind of products without subsidies in a competitive position. A broad range of subsidies are appropriate and inappropriate. Appropriate subsidies are protected by law. Inappropriate subsidies often adversely affect other countries' markets and even the international economic order. Therefore, it is necessary to take countervailing measures in international trade. Countervailing is an important legal means for the state to maintain the order of foreign trade. It can prevent unfair trade, regulate trade competition and protect domestic industry. Countervailing is also to meet the needs of international development of trade relations, and to maintain the new international economic and trade order is of great significance. Therefore, it has certain theoretical and practical value to study the legal system of subsidy and countervailing in various countries. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part gives an overview of subsidies and countervailing measures, including the definition of subsidies and countervailing measures, and the current international situation of subsidies and countervailing measures, as well as the contents of WTO Agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures. At the same time, the first part introduces the state of anti-subsidy in Australia in recent years. The second part studies the legal sources and enforcement agencies of subsidies and countervailing in Australia, as well as the substantive rules of subsidies and countervailing. Australian subsidy and countervailing law sources mainly include constitution and customs law. The constitution has the highest legal effect, and the Customs Law provides theoretical basis and practical guidance for countervailing. Australia's countervailing enforcement agencies include the Customs and Border Administration, the Home Secretary, the Trade measures Review Officer, and the Australian Federal Court. In the introduction of each executive agency, this paper briefly introduces the nature, functions, countervailing enforcement rules of the administrative agency. In the part of substantive rules of subsidy and countervailing, according to Australian Customs Law, this paper introduces the subsidy, damage and causality in detail: how to classify the subsidy into actionable subsidy and excluded subsidy; how to determine the damage and causality. And the relevant policy basis and practice situation. The third part introduces the procedural rules of subsidy and countervailing in Australia. This part takes countervailing process as the order, including party application, customs investigation, countervailing measures, administrative review, litigation and so on. The emphasis of this part is the conditions, procedures, categories of countervailing measures, the subject and scope of administrative review. The fourth part introduces the case of Chinese aluminum extruded products and introduces the practice of anti-subsidy in Australia. This case involves countervailing application, countervailing investigation, initial adjudication and final adjudication, and it is controversial as to whether the countervailing application meets the conditions, whether it constitutes subsidy and whether it causes substantial damage, so it has certain research value. The fifth part of the article is a summary of the main content of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D961.1;DD912.29

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