法社会学视野下的法律异化研究

发布时间：2018-07-27 16:55

【摘要】：法律不但是现代社会文明的表征,而且还是现代社会文明的重要内容和推动力量。然而随着科学主义和理性主义的到来,法律时常变得不近人情——要么不为人们所理解、要么成为走向人的对立面的帮凶。一些形形色色的法律事故在带给人们困惑与痛苦的同时也引起了人们深深的思索。法律社会学因为其注重实证和实效的研究方法逐渐引起了人们的重视。在我国全面建设小康社会与构建和谐社会的进程中,不是完美的法律在其中应该扮演一个什么样的角色,又应该怎样去避免和克服其可能的异化,以法律社会学的视角来进行探讨将会给我们一个丰富的收获。本文在对中西方有关法律异化的理论资源做了一个总结与评述,并在厘清法律异化相关理论的基础上,以法律为维护人们利益与限制公权力为价值指导,实证分析和抽象概括了现实社会中存在的一些法律异化现象,并从人为因素和法律本身的客观因素两个角度分析了法律异化的各种原因,进而对克服法律的异化从法律本身、主体人和宏观社会治理三个层面进行了有针对性的探讨。全文共分六个部分,主要内容如下：前言部分首先通过三个有代表性的法律事故引出法律异化的问题,接着对论文选题的意义进行了阐述,最后对研究中用到的语义分析方法、价值分析方法和社会实证研究方法进行了说明。正文第一部分对中西方有关法律异化的理论资源进行了一个简单的梳理。在西方有关法律异化的理论资源中,代表性的思想有：马克斯·韦伯认为形式理性之法和科层官僚制可能造就束缚人类的“铁笼”,罗斯科·庞德把法律看作是社会控制的一种工具,尤尔根·哈贝马斯指出形式法和福利法都可能损害到人的利益,在卡尔·马克思看来法律是阶级统治的工具。在中国的有关法律异化的理论中,比较全面的分析了目前学界对有关法律异化的相关理论,如法律异化的表现与原因、司法异化、执行异化、法律方法异化等。正文第二部分在对异化进行哲学分析的基础上,对中西方有关法律异化的理论资源进行了分析与评述,指出中西方法社会学领域有关法律异化的理论资源虽各有千秋但也都存在着各自的缺陷与不足。如西方学者更多的是从法的本质和功效及限度等方面去研究法律,而很少或几乎没有直接涉及到法律的异化方面；中国学者则运用异化的理论或者说是借用异化这个词来研究法律诸多内容中可能异化的一个部分和法律运行中的一个环节,而较少从整体上进行思考。在此基础上,文章指出无论是有阶级的社会还是无阶级的社会都可能存在法律的异化问题。法律异化是指法律这种人类创造出来的本用于服务人类的社会规范因为一些原因反而成了走向人类对立面的一种异己力量的转化。正文第三部分指出法律异化的表现形式有依“法”迫害、合法伤害、非法侵害、人们对法律的异己感和积极寻求法律的替代品等数种形式。其异化的原因有人为的因素——人的多样性追求导致的法的价值冲突、人的个体性与公共性的分立、间接民主制下主体利用法律对主体的背叛；客观因素——法的规范限制性的僵化、法律本身的悬空与不切实际、司法的“证据中心主义”、法律运行的程序主义等。正文第四部分指出我们面对法律的异化要端正对法律的认识——法律是限制权力和维护权利的工具,其作用也是有限的,接着对避免和克服法律的异化提出一些对策。首先法律以人为本,确保良法的产生。法律应从人性出发,宽容人的缺点,鼓励人的优点；尊重人的现实需要和利益需求；促进人的全面发展。其次要加强民主法制建设,防范主体的自我异化。我们要完善基层民主制度,确保政治生活中公民的直接参与和自治；鼓励和支持民众自治性的社团组织,逐步实现主体的社会自治；建立、健全间接民主制度。再次要运用宏观、全面的社会治理手段防范法律的异化。这要充分发挥民间法对国家法可能异化的防范作用；也要努力构建多元化的纠纷解决机制。结论部分简要的对全文进行了一个小结。
[Abstract]:Law is not only the symbol of modern social civilization, but also the important content and driving force of modern social civilization. However, with the arrival of scientism and rationalism, the law often becomes inhuman - either not for people's understanding or as an accomplice to the opposite side of human beings. In the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way and building a harmonious society, it is not perfect law to play a kind of role in the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way and building a harmonious society. How to avoid and overcome its possible dissimilation will give us a rich harvest in the perspective of legal sociology. This paper makes a summary and comment on the theoretical resources of the alienation of law in China and the west, and on the basis of clarifying the relevant theories of legal alienation, with the law as a safeguard for the interests and restrictions of the public. Power is the guidance of value, empirical analysis and abstractly summarize some of the phenomena of legal alienation in the real society, and analyze the various reasons of legal alienation from two angles of human factors and the objective factors of the law itself, and then to overcome the dissimilation of the law from the three aspects of the law itself, the owner and the macro social governance. The discussion of pertinence.
The full text is divided into six parts, the main contents are as follows:
The preface introduces the problem of legal alienation through three representative legal accidents, and then expounds the significance of the thesis, and finally explains the semantic analysis method, value analysis method and social empirical research method used in the study.
The first part of the text makes a simple combing of the theoretical resources of the alienation of law between China and the West. In the western theories of legal alienation, the representative ideas are: Max Webb thinks that the formal rationality and bureaucratic system may bring up the "iron cage" that shackles mankind, and Roscoe Pound regards the law as a A tool for social control, Jurgen Habermas points out that both formal and welfare laws may damage the interests of human beings. In Karl Max's view, law is a tool for class rule. In the theory of Chinese legal alienation, the relevant theories of legal alienation, such as legal alienation, are analyzed in a more comprehensive way in the theory of legal alienation in China. Performance and reasons, judicial alienation, alienation of execution, alienation of legal methods and so on.
The second part of the text, based on the philosophical analysis of alienation, analyzes and reviews the theoretical resources of the alienation of law between China and the west, and points out that the theoretical resources of the alienation of law in the field of Sociology of methodology of China and the West have their own shortcomings and disqualifications, although the western scholars are more of the essence of the law. To study the law in aspects such as efficiency and limitation, and seldom or hardly directly relate to the alienation of law; Chinese scholars use the theory of alienation or the use of the word alienation to study a part of the possible alienation in many legal contents and a link in the operation of the law, and less to think on the whole. On this basis, the article points out that the problem of alienation of law may exist in both class and class society. Legal alienation refers to the social norm created by the law, which is used to serve mankind, for some reasons instead of transforming a dissident force towards the opposite side of human beings.
The third part of the text points out that the expression forms of legal alienation are in accordance with the persecution of "law", legal injury, illegal infringement, people's dissident sense of law and the active search for the substitute of law. The reasons for the alienation are human factors - the conflict of value caused by the pursuit of human diversity, the individual and the public. Under the indirect democratic system, the subject is betrayed by the law by the law; the objective factor - the rigid and restrictive of the law, the suspension and unrealistic of the law itself, the "evidence centralism" of the judiciary, the procedural doctrine of the law operation.
The fourth part of the text points out that in the face of the alienation of the law, we should correct the understanding of the law - the law is the tool for restricting power and safeguarding the rights, and its function is limited. Then, it puts forward some countermeasures to avoid and overcome the alienation of the law. First, the law is people-oriented and the Que Baoliang law is produced. The law should be tolerant of human nature and tolerant of people. Shortcomings, encourage people's advantages, respect the real needs and interests of the people, promote the overall development of the people. Secondly, we should strengthen the construction of democratic legal system and prevent the self alienation of the main body. We should perfect the democratic system at the grass-roots level, ensure the direct participation and autonomy of the citizens in the political life, and encourage and support the community organizations of the autonomy of the people gradually. To realize the social autonomy of the main body; establish and improve the indirect democratic system. Again, we should use macroscopic and comprehensive social governance means to prevent the alienation of the law. This should give full play to the preventive effect of the private law on the possible dissimilation of the state law, and also make efforts to build a diversified dispute settlement mechanism.
The conclusion part briefly summarizes the whole paper.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D90-05

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