论权力监督中的公民参与程序

发布时间：2018-07-29 06:44

【摘要】：在建设社会主义法治国家的新时期,如何有效制约与监督国家公权力已经成为当前中国社会一个紧迫而重大的现实课题。公民参与权力监督是宪法和法律赋予公民个人的权利,我国公民依法享有监督国家机关及其工作人员的权利,是对国家机关及其工作人员行使国家公权力行为进行的监督与制约,权力监督机制建设是依法治国的重要方面,而公民参与权力监督因其特殊性则成为权力监督机制中的一个重要组成部分。对于有效防止权力腐败、促进国家机关及其工作人员的廉政建设以及构建社会主义和谐社会具有重要的作用。随着改革开放和市场经济的不断深入发展,我国在公民参与权力监督方面进行了许多积极有效的实践探索,并且开辟和拓宽了公民参与权力监督的方式、途径,使公民参与权力监督的内容有了实质性的发展。同时也应该看到,由于受政治、经济、文化、自身素质等诸多因素的制约,现阶段权力监督中公民参与程序在其实践过程中依旧存在着诸多问题,如：政府信息的透明度不够,公民参与权力监督缺乏必要的前提条件；公民参与权力监督程序规范尚不完备,公民监督法律保障欠充分；公民参与权力监督渠道不够畅通,缺乏政治权利意义上的表达自由；公民参与权力监督意识薄弱,公民监督缺乏良好的监督环境等问题,致使公民监督的作用还远远没有得到有效的发挥,对我国法治建设造成了极大的制约。本文将从法理学的视角,概括监督、权力监督的基本理论,以西方人民主权、权力制约理论为理论指导,初步分析我国权力监督中的公民参与现状,论述了我国公民参与权力监督机制在主体、客体和环境方面存在的问题,并从监督机制的法制性障碍、体制性障碍、政治文化困境等方面进行分析,从而对该监督机制提出了完善措施：提出法治化完善的建议,指出完善的途径就是要有一套严密、合理、科学、高效的制度设计,然后分别从完备制度体系、修改现有法律制度的不足、健全程序规定和法律监督体系等方面着手,并且强化舆论监督制度,与公民参与权力监督相结合、培养公民法律信仰,重视公民权利意识,提高公民政治参与能力。
[Abstract]:In the new period of building a socialist country ruled by law, how to effectively restrict and supervise the public power of the state has become an urgent and important practical issue in the current Chinese society. Citizen participation in power supervision is a right conferred by the Constitution and law on individual citizens. Chinese citizens enjoy the right to supervise state organs and their functionaries in accordance with the law. It is the supervision and restriction to the state organs and their staff to exercise the public power, and the construction of the power supervision mechanism is an important aspect of governing the country according to law. Citizen participation in power supervision, because of its particularity, has become an important part of power supervision mechanism. It plays an important role in preventing power corruption, promoting the construction of clean government and building a harmonious socialist society. With the continuous development of reform and opening up and market economy, our country has carried out many positive and effective practical explorations in the aspect of citizen participation in power supervision, and has opened up and broadened the ways and means for citizens to participate in power supervision. The content that causes citizen to participate in power superintendence had substantive development. At the same time, we should also see that due to the political, economic, cultural, quality and other factors, there are still many problems in the process of civil participation in the process of power supervision, such as: the transparency of government information is not enough. Citizen participation in power supervision lacks the necessary preconditions; the procedure of citizen participation in power supervision is not perfect; the legal protection of citizen supervision is not sufficient; the channel of citizen participation in power supervision is not smooth and lacks the freedom of expression in the sense of political rights; The weak consciousness of citizen participation in power supervision, the lack of good supervision environment and so on, make the function of citizen supervision far from being effective, which has greatly restricted the construction of rule of law in our country. From the perspective of jurisprudence, this paper will summarize the basic theories of supervision and power supervision, take western people's sovereignty and power restriction theory as theoretical guidance, and analyze the present situation of citizen participation in power supervision in China. This paper discusses the problems existing in the subject, object and environment of the supervision mechanism of citizens' participation in power, and analyzes the legal obstacles, institutional obstacles and political and cultural dilemmas of the supervision mechanism. Therefore, the author puts forward some perfect measures for the supervision mechanism: putting forward the suggestion of perfecting the rule of law, pointing out that the way to perfect the system is to have a set of strict, reasonable, scientific and efficient system design, and then complete the system separately. To correct the shortcomings of the existing legal system, to improve the procedural provisions and the legal supervision system, and to strengthen the public opinion supervision system, to combine with the citizen's participation in the supervision of power, to cultivate the citizen's legal belief, and to attach importance to the citizen's consciousness of rights. Improve citizens' ability to participate in politics.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D920.0

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