美国警察的军事化及后果

发布时间：2018-07-29 17:12

【摘要】：警察的军事化是指作为执法机构的警察,不断仿效军队思维和军队模式的过程,包括大量使用军用武器和装备:闪光弹、狙击枪、冲锋枪、特警组;用情报机构的方式,收集政治活动和政治人物的信息,以及采用更具有攻击性的风格进行执法等。美国警察军事化始于20世纪50-60年代,"911"后,由于突出保障"国家安全",导致警察基金充沛,权力扩张,"战争思维日炽"。后果:(1)警察滥用枪械和暴力,每年被警察击毙的人数,保持在千人以上。(2)族群对立加剧。黑人被击毙的概率是白人的三倍,大多数是穷人。(3)军事化的警察频繁地被用来应对和平的游行示威,威胁和损害公民权利和媒体报道。美国学者认为,警察军事化是20世纪以来不为公众所警觉,但影响美国最大的侵犯自由的行为。虽然奥巴马总统声言要控制警察军事化倾向,但冰冻三尺,非一日之寒。
[Abstract]:The militarization of the police is the process by which the police, as law enforcement agencies, continue to emulate the thinking and model of the military, including the extensive use of military weapons and equipment: flash ammunition, sniper guns, assault rifles, special police units; and in the way of intelligence agencies, Collect information on political activities and politicians, and use more aggressive styles to enforce the law. The militarization of American police began in the 50-60 's of the 20th century. After "911", due to the outstanding guarantee of "national security", the police fund was abundant, the power expanded, and the "war thinking was incandescent". Consequences: (1) the police abuse of firearms and violence, the number of police killed each year, maintained at more than 1,000; (2) ethnic antagonism intensified. Blacks are three times as likely to be killed as whites, mostly poor. (3) militarized police are frequently used to deal with peaceful demonstrations, threatening and harming citizens' rights and media coverage. American scholars believe that the militarization of the police is the largest violation of freedom in the United States since the 20th century, which has not been alarmed by the public. Despite President Obama's stated intention to control the militarization of the police, it is not a day-long freeze.
【作者单位】：中国政法大学法学院;
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.1

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