晚清法理派思想中的儒学因素
发布时间：2018-08-25 10:06
【摘要】：1902年晚清统治者宣布进行法律改革。但是就律典本身而言,清朝本身规定了三年一小修,五年一大修的修律规定；到了晚清,中国社会内部变化发展要求废除封建五刑、删除比附援引原则以及改变传统律典结构。但是,晚清中国的复杂就在于中国已不能脱离当时的世界而独立发展。自1840年西方国家通过一系列不平等条约获得了领事裁判权。对于大清帝国的臣民以及作为拥有数千年历史文化的中国的人民,治外法权的丧失使他们觉得格外的耻辱。1902年英美德法等国作出了归还治外法权的承诺。于是,各方面人士都希望能抓住这一机会来实现司法独立。 但是,晚清统治者以及督抚大臣对于变法修律的宗旨和具体内容存在着争议。这种争议较为集中地体现在礼法之争这一事件上。“礼法之争”是指在清末变法修律过程中,以张之洞、劳乃宣为代表的“礼教派”和以修订法律大臣沈家本为代表的“法理派”围绕《大清新刑律》等新式法典的修订而产生的理论争论。沈家本等人主张中国应该大幅度地引进西方近、现代的法律理论与观念,运用“国家主义”等政治法律理论来改革中国旧有的法律制度和原理。在修订《大清民事刑事诉讼律》及《大清新刑律》过程中,沈家本主持的修订法律馆经常运用西方国家的“通行法理”来对抗保守派的攻击,因而被称为“法理派”。 很显然的是,以沈家本、伍廷芳、俞廉三等为代表的修订法律馆在奉命修订新律的时候,确实是吸收了许多西方的法律思想、法律编纂形式以及刑罚名称、司法程序等内容。但是,同样不可忽视的是,在《大清刑事民事诉讼法》、《大清刑事诉讼草案》、《大清民事诉讼草案》、《大清新刑律草案》以及《钦定大清新刑律》这些法典中也确实存在着中国传统律法中亲属相盗、亲属相奸、留存养亲、五服治罪以及维护皇权等封建伦理法律原则、法律思想的应用。再者,在法律改革的过程中,法理派虽然部分地吸收了保护私权、法律面前人人平等、司法独立等思想等西方法理。同时,他们也继承运用了中国传统文化中的经世致用的精神以及以“仁政”、“德治”、“民本”为施政核心的国家观。
[Abstract]:The late Qing rulers announced legal reform in 1902. However, as far as the law code itself is concerned, the Qing Dynasty itself stipulated three years of minor revision and five years of major revision of the law. In the late Qing Dynasty, the development of internal changes in Chinese society required the abolition of the five feudal punishments, the removal of the principle of adversarial invocation and the change of the structure of the traditional code. However, the complexity of China in the late Qing Dynasty was that it could no longer develop independently from the world at that time. Since 1840, Western countries have obtained consular jurisdiction through a series of unequal treaties. For the subjects of the Qing Empire and the Chinese people with thousands of years of history and culture, the loss of extraterritorial power made them feel particularly humiliated. In 1902, Britain, America, Germany, France and other countries made the promise of restitution of extraterritorial jurisdiction. Thus, people from all walks of life hope to seize this opportunity to achieve judicial independence. However, the late Qing Dynasty rulers and governor of the law of the reform of the purpose and specific content of controversy. This dispute is embodied in the dispute of etiquette and law. "Rites and laws" refers to Zhang Zhidong in the process of reforming the law in the late Qing Dynasty. The "Rite sect" represented by Luo Naixuan and the "Legalist School" represented by the revised Law Minister Shen Jiaben revolved around the revision of the new code such as the Great New Criminal Law. Shen Jiaben and others argued that China should introduce western and modern legal theories and concepts to a large extent and reform China's old legal system and principles by using political and legal theories such as "nationalism". In the process of revising the Civil and Criminal procedure Law of the Qing Dynasty and the Criminal Law of the Qing Dynasty, Shen Jiaben's revised Law Museum often used the "prevailing jurisprudence" of western countries to resist the attacks of conservatives, so it was called the "Legalist School". Obviously, the revised Law Museum, represented by Shen Jiaben, Wu Tingfang, Yu Lian-san, and so on, when ordered to revise the new law, really absorbed a lot of western legal ideas, forms of law compilation, names of penalties, judicial procedures, and so on. But it is equally important to note that, In the Criminal procedure Law of the Qing Dynasty, the draft Criminal Proceedings in the Qing Dynasty, the draft Civil Proceedings in the Qing Dynasty, the draft of the Great fresh Criminal Law, and the Criminal Law of the Qing Dynasty, these codes also do exist in the traditional Chinese law of relatives stealing and raping relatives. The application of feudal ethical and legal principles, such as preserving relatives, punishing crimes and defending imperial power. Moreover, in the process of law reform, the legalism partly absorbs western legal theories such as protection of private rights, equality before the law, judicial independence, and so on. At the same time, they also inherited and applied the spirit of using the world in the traditional Chinese culture, and took "benevolent government", "rule by virtue" and "people-oriented" as the core of administration.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D909.2
本文编号：2202553
[Abstract]:The late Qing rulers announced legal reform in 1902. However, as far as the law code itself is concerned, the Qing Dynasty itself stipulated three years of minor revision and five years of major revision of the law. In the late Qing Dynasty, the development of internal changes in Chinese society required the abolition of the five feudal punishments, the removal of the principle of adversarial invocation and the change of the structure of the traditional code. However, the complexity of China in the late Qing Dynasty was that it could no longer develop independently from the world at that time. Since 1840, Western countries have obtained consular jurisdiction through a series of unequal treaties. For the subjects of the Qing Empire and the Chinese people with thousands of years of history and culture, the loss of extraterritorial power made them feel particularly humiliated. In 1902, Britain, America, Germany, France and other countries made the promise of restitution of extraterritorial jurisdiction. Thus, people from all walks of life hope to seize this opportunity to achieve judicial independence. However, the late Qing Dynasty rulers and governor of the law of the reform of the purpose and specific content of controversy. This dispute is embodied in the dispute of etiquette and law. "Rites and laws" refers to Zhang Zhidong in the process of reforming the law in the late Qing Dynasty. The "Rite sect" represented by Luo Naixuan and the "Legalist School" represented by the revised Law Minister Shen Jiaben revolved around the revision of the new code such as the Great New Criminal Law. Shen Jiaben and others argued that China should introduce western and modern legal theories and concepts to a large extent and reform China's old legal system and principles by using political and legal theories such as "nationalism". In the process of revising the Civil and Criminal procedure Law of the Qing Dynasty and the Criminal Law of the Qing Dynasty, Shen Jiaben's revised Law Museum often used the "prevailing jurisprudence" of western countries to resist the attacks of conservatives, so it was called the "Legalist School". Obviously, the revised Law Museum, represented by Shen Jiaben, Wu Tingfang, Yu Lian-san, and so on, when ordered to revise the new law, really absorbed a lot of western legal ideas, forms of law compilation, names of penalties, judicial procedures, and so on. But it is equally important to note that, In the Criminal procedure Law of the Qing Dynasty, the draft Criminal Proceedings in the Qing Dynasty, the draft Civil Proceedings in the Qing Dynasty, the draft of the Great fresh Criminal Law, and the Criminal Law of the Qing Dynasty, these codes also do exist in the traditional Chinese law of relatives stealing and raping relatives. The application of feudal ethical and legal principles, such as preserving relatives, punishing crimes and defending imperial power. Moreover, in the process of law reform, the legalism partly absorbs western legal theories such as protection of private rights, equality before the law, judicial independence, and so on. At the same time, they also inherited and applied the spirit of using the world in the traditional Chinese culture, and took "benevolent government", "rule by virtue" and "people-oriented" as the core of administration.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D909.2
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