南朝司法儒家化研究

发布时间：2018-09-14 16:19

【摘要】：司法儒家化是指儒家思想在司法领域的影响渗透逐步加强，逐渐成为指导司法实践审判和司法制度完善的精神原则的过程。司法儒家化是法律儒家化的重要步骤，也是中华法系发展的重要过程。南朝作为汉人政权的延续，其司法儒家化过程具有重要研究意义。本文从儒家核心价值观出发，按照南朝司法儒家化过程中儒家思想渗透和影响的轻重程度从重到轻“孝、忠、仁、义、礼”的顺序来论述南朝司法儒家化的表现和程度。第一部分是本文的重点，主要论述在南朝具有最高价值标准的儒家“孝”观念在南朝司法实践和司法制度中的体现。“孝”作为南朝第一位的儒家思想价值观，，对于司法实践的重要影响体现在“孝”作为一种儒家价值观在司法实践中拥有高于具体律法规定的超然地位。而准五服以制罪原则和亲属容隐原则这两个以“孝”为基础的体现儒家家族伦理主义的定罪量刑原则在南朝司法中的发展与完善。第二部分主要以“十恶”制度在南朝的无名有实的情形以及对于隋唐时“十恶”制度从形式到实质的具体影响来论述南朝司法对危害君权、皇权和政权的“不忠”犯罪行为的严厉打击，体现儒家“忠”观念对南朝司法的重要影响。第三部分内容主要论述儒家“仁”观念对于南朝司法制度的影响。儒家“仁”观念在司法领域的具体原则是“省刑恤罚”。南朝君主们为了表现自己法先王、为正统，纷纷在诉讼制度、审理制度、司法监察制度、行刑制度等各种具体的司法制度以“省刑恤罚”原则为指导进行改革和创新。第四部分则是论述“义”这个儒家个人行为标准在南朝司法实践的体现以及“不义罪”在南朝的发展与表现。第五部分从士族官僚特权在南朝司法制度中的体现，以及南朝时出现“违礼则以法处之”的现象等角度来说明作为儒家具体行为规则的“礼”在南朝开始具有明确的法律效力，礼法虽然还没有完成有机结合，但部分具体的“礼”的内容已经开始“出于礼则入于刑”。结语概括总结了南朝司法儒家化程度很高，并且从南朝当时的社会经济政治文化和儒家文化本身特点出发分析了南朝司法儒家化与南朝加强中央集权过程的相统一。本文的研究方法比较简单，主要是以点带面，用史实说话，采用较多的具体案例和当时文人官吏对于案例的讨论评价以及当时律法的具体规定来论述南朝司法儒家化的表现和程度。
[Abstract]:Judicial Confucianization is a process in which the influence of Confucianism in the judicial field is gradually strengthened and gradually becomes the spiritual principle guiding judicial practice trial and judicial system perfection. Judicial Confucianization is an important step of legal Confucianization and an important process of the development of Chinese legal system. As a continuation of Han regime, the process of judicial Confucianization in the Southern Dynasty is of great significance. Starting from the core values of Confucianism, this paper discusses the performance and degree of judicial Confucianization in the Southern Dynasty according to the order of the penetration and influence of Confucian thought from heavy to light "filial piety, loyalty, benevolence, righteousness and propriety" in the process of judicial Confucianization in the Southern Dynasty. The first part is the focus of this article, mainly discusses the Confucian "filial piety" concept which has the highest value standard in the Southern Dynasty, which is embodied in the judicial practice and judicial system of the Southern Dynasty. "filial piety", as the first Confucian thought value in the Southern Dynasty, has an important influence on judicial practice because "filial piety", as a Confucian value, has a transcendent position higher than the specific law in the judicial practice. The principle of "filial piety", which embodies Confucian family ethics, develops and perfects the principle of conviction and sentencing based on the principle of the system of crime and the principle of tolerance and concealment of relatives in the Southern Dynasty. The second part mainly discusses the actual situation of the "Ten evils" system in the Southern Dynasty and the concrete influence of the "Ten evils" system in the Sui and Tang dynasties from the form to the essence to discuss the judicial harm to the monarchy in the Southern Dynasty. The severe crackdown on the criminal acts of "infidelity" by imperial power and regime reflects the important influence of Confucian "loyalty" concept on the justice of the Southern Dynasty. The third part mainly discusses the influence of the Confucian concept of benevolence on the judicial system of the Southern Dynasty. The concrete principle of Confucian "benevolence" in the judicial field is "saving punishment and compassionate punishment". The monarchs of the Southern Dynasty, in order to express their own laws, for orthodoxy, in the litigation system, trial system, judicial supervision system, execution system and other specific judicial systems with the principle of "save punishment compassionate punishment" for the guidance of reform and innovation. The fourth part discusses the embodiment of the Confucian personal behavior standard in the Southern Dynasty and the development and performance of the "unjust crime" in the Southern Dynasty. In the fifth part, from the perspective of the embodiment of the bureaucratic privilege of the gentry in the judicial system of the Southern Dynasty, and the phenomenon of "disobeying the propriety as the rule of law" in the Southern Dynasty, the author explains that the "propriety", as the concrete behavior rule of the Confucianism, has definite legal effect at the beginning of the Southern Dynasty. Although the etiquette law has not yet completed the organic combination, some concrete contents of "ritual" have already begun to "enter into punishment out of propriety". The conclusion summarizes the high degree of judicial Confucianization in the Southern Dynasty, and analyzes the unification of the judicial Confucianization of the Southern Dynasty and the centralization process of the Southern Dynasty from the characteristics of the social, economic, political and Confucian culture at that time. The research method of this paper is relatively simple. It mainly uses historical facts to speak. This paper discusses the performance and degree of the judicial Confucianization in the Southern Dynasty by adopting more concrete cases and the discussion and evaluation of the cases by the literati officials at that time as well as the specific provisions of the law at that time.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929

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