边沁功利主义立法理论的探析
发布时间：2018-09-17 15:40
【摘要】：产生于18世纪后半期的边沁功利主义立法观，以其独特的观察视角和评判标准为当时的立法活动指明了方向，并且对世界其他各国的立法实践活动产生了极大的影响。在社会生产模式和经济发展的方面来说，西方工业革命之后，自由资本主义迅速地的发展起来，以往的奴隶制生产模式已经无法适应当时社会上的各项事业的发展。从法学理论的角度来看，以国家权力至上为其理论根基的古典自然法学派面对新型的生产关系开始走向衰落，而以个人主义为核心的法律思想从古典自然法学派中分离出来并逐渐形成一种盛行的潮流，加之边沁本人对伊壁鸠鲁学派的快乐主义、法国爱尔维修的唯物主义哲学和贝卡利亚的功利主义思想的继承和发展，，最终提出了“最多数人的最大幸福”的功利主义立法理念。 在边沁的功利立法理念中，他指出，人们在生活中的一切活动都是在为了避苦求乐，在追求自己幸福和快乐的同时都极力地规避负的幸福和负的快乐。在他看来善与恶的评价标准无需考虑一个人的行为动机和手段，只需考虑这个行为所带来的快乐值是否达到了最大化，如果该行为能够增加最大快乐值，那么就是善的表现，相反既是恶的表现。而由个体所组成的集体组织---社会来说，社会功利性中的善也被集中地规划到社会最多数人的最大幸福的实现这一评价标准上来。作为社会控制的一种手段，法律在社会运行中所追求的价值和在其制定的过程中，最多数人的最大幸福标准无不对此产生巨大的影响。 虽然，边沁的功利主义立法观对于西方立法理论的发展和资本主义政治、法律制度的建立和完善都起到推动的作用。但是，就其自身而言，边沁的功利主义立法观还是存在着很大的局限性。个人行为评价标准的单一化和唯一化、社会利益等同于个人利益的简单相加、利益合理性分配的忽视，以及过分强调行为结果而完全忽视行为主观动机等一系列问题都是我们今天无法回避的问题。 对边沁功利主义立法观的详细认知，对于我国当下的法治建设，尤其是在我国的立法实践活动中极为重要，在倡导和建立以人为本的社会法治理念实践中，我们一方面要吸取功利主义立法观的合理成分，同时也要对它所存在的局限性进行有利地规制，只有这样，在我国的社会法治理念才会形成，社会法治体系才会得到完善。
[Abstract]:Bentham's utilitarian legislative view, which emerged in the second half of the 18th century, pointed out the direction of the legislative activities of the time with its unique perspective of observation and evaluation standard, and had a great impact on the legislative practice of other countries in the world. In terms of social production model and economic development, after the western industrial revolution, liberal capitalism developed rapidly, the former slavery production model has been unable to adapt to the development of various undertakings in the society at that time. From the point of view of legal theory, the classical natural law school based on the supremacy of state power began to decline in the face of the new production relations. But the individualism as the core of the legal thought separated from the classical natural law school and gradually formed a popular trend, in addition to Bentham himself to the Epicurus school of happiness, The inheritance and development of French Helvetius's materialism philosophy and Bekaria's utilitarian thought finally put forward the utilitarian legislative idea of "the greatest happiness of the most people". In Bentham's utilitarian legislative idea, he pointed out that all activities in life are to avoid hardship and joy, and to avoid negative happiness and negative happiness while pursuing their own happiness and happiness. In his opinion, the evaluation criteria of good and evil do not need to consider a person's motives and means of behavior, but only consider whether the value of happiness brought by that behavior is maximized, and if that behavior can increase the maximum value of happiness, then it is a manifestation of good. On the contrary, it is a manifestation of evil. As for the collective organization-society which is composed of individuals, the good in social utilitarianism is also planned to the evaluation criterion of the greatest happiness of the most majority of people in the society. As a means of social control, the value pursued by law in social operation and the maximum happiness standard of most people have a great impact on it. Although Bentham's utilitarian legislative view plays an important role in the development of western legislative theory and the establishment and perfection of capitalist politics and legal system. However, as far as itself is concerned, Bentham's utilitarian legislative view still has great limitations. The evaluation standard of individual behavior is single and unique, the social interests are equal to the simple sum of individual interests, and the rational distribution of benefits is ignored. A series of problems, such as overemphasizing the result of behavior and completely neglecting the subjective motivation of behavior, are the problems that we can't avoid today. The detailed cognition of Bentham's utilitarian legislative view is very important for the construction of the rule of law in our country, especially in the legislative practice of our country, and in the practice of advocating and establishing the people-oriented concept of social rule of law. On the one hand, we should absorb the reasonable elements of utilitarian legislative view, and at the same time, we should regulate its limitations advantageously. Only in this way, the concept of social rule of law in our country will be formed and the system of social rule of law will be perfected.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D901;D909.1
本文编号：2246375
[Abstract]:Bentham's utilitarian legislative view, which emerged in the second half of the 18th century, pointed out the direction of the legislative activities of the time with its unique perspective of observation and evaluation standard, and had a great impact on the legislative practice of other countries in the world. In terms of social production model and economic development, after the western industrial revolution, liberal capitalism developed rapidly, the former slavery production model has been unable to adapt to the development of various undertakings in the society at that time. From the point of view of legal theory, the classical natural law school based on the supremacy of state power began to decline in the face of the new production relations. But the individualism as the core of the legal thought separated from the classical natural law school and gradually formed a popular trend, in addition to Bentham himself to the Epicurus school of happiness, The inheritance and development of French Helvetius's materialism philosophy and Bekaria's utilitarian thought finally put forward the utilitarian legislative idea of "the greatest happiness of the most people". In Bentham's utilitarian legislative idea, he pointed out that all activities in life are to avoid hardship and joy, and to avoid negative happiness and negative happiness while pursuing their own happiness and happiness. In his opinion, the evaluation criteria of good and evil do not need to consider a person's motives and means of behavior, but only consider whether the value of happiness brought by that behavior is maximized, and if that behavior can increase the maximum value of happiness, then it is a manifestation of good. On the contrary, it is a manifestation of evil. As for the collective organization-society which is composed of individuals, the good in social utilitarianism is also planned to the evaluation criterion of the greatest happiness of the most majority of people in the society. As a means of social control, the value pursued by law in social operation and the maximum happiness standard of most people have a great impact on it. Although Bentham's utilitarian legislative view plays an important role in the development of western legislative theory and the establishment and perfection of capitalist politics and legal system. However, as far as itself is concerned, Bentham's utilitarian legislative view still has great limitations. The evaluation standard of individual behavior is single and unique, the social interests are equal to the simple sum of individual interests, and the rational distribution of benefits is ignored. A series of problems, such as overemphasizing the result of behavior and completely neglecting the subjective motivation of behavior, are the problems that we can't avoid today. The detailed cognition of Bentham's utilitarian legislative view is very important for the construction of the rule of law in our country, especially in the legislative practice of our country, and in the practice of advocating and establishing the people-oriented concept of social rule of law. On the one hand, we should absorb the reasonable elements of utilitarian legislative view, and at the same time, we should regulate its limitations advantageously. Only in this way, the concept of social rule of law in our country will be formed and the system of social rule of law will be perfected.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D901;D909.1
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 王建军;普遍性与相互性——论康德的义务论与功利主义伦理学的分野[J];安徽大学学报;2004年05期
2 唐代兴;边沁功利主义思想浅析[J];北京社会科学;2002年03期
3 田杜国;;权利的真理性源泉——权利的持续发展[J];法制与社会;2010年20期
4 张文龙;;从反对古典自然法思想到法律实证主义的萌芽——关于边沁功利主义法律思想的述评和检讨[J];江苏警官学院学报;2009年03期
5 马军强;;浅谈马克思主义与边沁的功利主义的关系[J];佳木斯教育学院学报;2011年03期
6 贺汉魂;廖鸿冰;;“人是目的”：一种理想的功利论——康德的功利思想探析[J];理论探讨;2006年06期
7 罗俊丽;;边沁和密尔的功利主义比较研究[J];兰州学刊;2008年03期
8 徐大建;;功利主义道德标准的实质及其缺陷[J];上海财经大学学报;2009年02期
9 田杜国;;地方立法中的灵魂——“地方特色”[J];山西省政法管理干部学院学报;2011年03期
10 梁景时;孙剑;;边沁与密尔的功利主义思想的比较及现实价值[J];通化师范学院学报;2009年07期
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 朱德才;刑法理性构造研究[D];华东政法大学;2008年
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 徐清秀;边沁功利主义立法观探究[D];湖南大学;2007年
本文编号：2246375
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/falvlunwen/falilunwen/2246375.html
