以史为鉴—对“春秋决狱”的研究

发布时间：2018-10-08 13:25

【摘要】：“春秋决狱”作为始于西汉的一件对于中国法制史有重要意义的历史事件,对于中华法系的形成产生过重要的影响。“春秋决狱”,即以《春秋》等儒家经典的“微言大义”作为分析案情、认定罪责、适用刑罚的一种司法活动。在处理疑难案件时,法律没有规定的,就直接按照儒家经义来裁决；法律有规定的,但是规定与儒家经义冲突时,要优先适用儒家经义。“五经”--诗、书、易、礼、春秋,正是当时经常被引用的著作,其中又以《春秋》为主,这种用儒家经义来指导司法实践的一种断案模式,史称“春秋决狱”。因为“春秋决狱”开启了法律儒家化的进程,进而影响了中华法系的形成,因此法史学者对此研究较多,但对其大都持有否定的态度。本文从“春秋决狱’的产生原因、内涵、积极影响和弊端等角度出发,深入了解“春秋决狱”这一司法活动,目的在于以史为鉴,以期我国在法制建设中能够对这一法律文化遗产进行合理的扬弃。本文共分五个部分。第一部分论述“春秋决狱”产生的历史背景和成因。秦代二世而亡的历史教训使得汉初统治者开始改变统治方针,以求长治久安。在采取了黄老“无为而治”的治国思想之后,汉王朝社会趋于稳定,经济上也取得了长足的进步。到了武帝时期,汉王朝开始实行“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”的国策。而随着儒家道德思想扩展到法制的领域,“春秋决狱”也就随着产生了。第二部分论述“春秋决狱”的实质内涵。儒家思想的重要特征之一就是重视礼的作用与规范,当包含了礼的道德规范被运用于指导司法实践时,就行成了“春秋决狱”的基本指导思想—“原心定罪”。第二、“春秋决狱”在考察行为人主观动机来定罪的指导思想下,推断行为人的行为是否符合“尊尊、亲亲”原则,合之而违于法者,免；违之而合于法者,诛。第三部分论述“春秋决狱”与法律的儒家化。法律儒家化是中国古代法律发展的一个重要过程,也是中华法系最重要的特点之一。儒家思想向法律的渗透影响着整个中国占代法律的走向。而正是“存秋决狱”推开了中国法律儒家化的大门。第四部分论述对“春秋决狱”的评价。“春秋决狱”是中国古代法制史发展过程中的一个重大事件,我们要向看待其他的历史文化遗产一样,正反两面公正的审视“春秋决狱”,才能做出中肯的认识和评价。第五部分论述“春秋决狱”对当代社会的借鉴意义。“春秋决狱”制度是将道德的精髓变成具体的社会存在的一种非常值得借鉴与继承的制度。我们将“春秋决狱”中的“以德治国”融入到现代法制建设中来,对我国构建和谐社会具有极其重要的意义。
[Abstract]:As a historical event of great significance to the history of legal system in China, the decision of Prison in the Spring and Autumn period, which began in the Western Han Dynasty, has had an important influence on the formation of the Chinese legal system. "Chunqiu Jail" is a kind of judicial activity in which the Confucian classics such as Spring and Autumn period are used to analyze the case, to determine the responsibility of the crime and to apply the penalty. In dealing with difficult cases, if the law does not provide for it, it shall be judged directly according to Confucian classics and righteousness; if there are provisions in the law, but when the provisions are in conflict with the Confucian classics and righteousness, the Confucian classics and righteousness should be applied first. "five Classics"-poetry, books, changes, rites, Spring and Autumn, is often cited at that time, among them, mainly in the Spring and Autumn period, this use of Confucian classics to guide judicial practice, a mode of adjudication, history is called "Chunqiu Jail." Because "Chunqiu Jail" opened the process of legal Confucianization, and then influenced the formation of Chinese legal system, scholars of legal history have more research on it, but most of them have a negative attitude. From the angle of the cause, connotation, positive influence and malpractice of the "Chunqiu prison", this paper has a deep understanding of the judicial activity of "Chunqiu prison", the purpose of which is to learn from history. In order to our country in the legal system construction can carry on the reasonable sublation to this legal cultural heritage. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part discusses the historical background and cause of formation of the Spring and Autumn Prison. The historical lessons of the death of the second Qin Dynasty made the rulers of the early Han Dynasty begin to change their ruling policy in order to achieve lasting stability. After adopting Huang Lao's idea of governing the country without doing anything, the society of the Han Dynasty tended to be stable and the economy made great progress. By the time of Emperor Wu, the Han Dynasty began to implement the national policy of "ousting 100 schools and respecting Confucianism alone". With the expansion of Confucian moral thought into the field of legal system, the Spring and Autumn Jail came into being. The second part discusses the essence of the Spring and Autumn prison. One of the important characteristics of Confucian thought is to attach importance to the function and norm of propriety. When the moral standard including propriety is applied to guide judicial practice, it becomes the basic guiding ideology of "original conviction". Second, under the guiding ideology of investigating the subjective motive to convict the perpetrator, the author infer whether the behavior of the actor conforms to the principle of "respecting one's parents, respecting one's relatives", and disobeying the law and exempting the person who violates the law. The third part discusses the "Spring and Autumn prison" and the Confucianization of law. Legal Confucianization is an important process of the development of ancient Chinese law and one of the most important features of Chinese legal system. The permeation of Confucianism to the law influences the trend of the law of the whole Chinese occupation generation. And it was the remaining autumn prison that pushed open the door of Chinese legal Confucianization. The fourth part discusses the evaluation of the Spring and Autumn Prison. "Chunqiu Jail" is an important event in the development of ancient Chinese legal system history. We should treat other historical and cultural heritage as well as examine "Chunqiu Jail" fairly from both sides in order to make a proper understanding and evaluation. The fifth part discusses the significance of the Spring and Autumn prison decision to the contemporary society. The system of "Chunqiu Jail" is a system worthy of reference and inheritance, which turns the essence of morality into concrete social existence. It is of great significance for our country to build a harmonious society by integrating the "ruling by morality" in the "Chunqiu Prison" into the construction of modern legal system.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D929;D924

【相似文献】