美国互争之诉研究

发布时间：2018-11-13 09:23

【摘要】：互争之诉是一项源于英美法的传统救济形式,其本质是当面临多个请求人时,某一特定财产或款项的占有人或管理人诉诸法院寻求确定此争议财产的最终归属。作为诉存在的一种形态,互争之诉在美国民事诉讼法中历史悠久、应用广泛,长期以来受到美国学者的高度关注并形成了一套比较完整的研究体系。与大陆法系传统的三大诉讼类型相比,互争之诉不仅能良好的解决纠纷、避免多重诉讼,更能从根本上对权利的损害起到预防作用。然而,这一诉讼类型对于我国还是一个新生事物,目前我国民事诉讼法对互争之诉、乃至整个民事之诉的研究还不够重视,有关立法的具体阐释也不够全面系统和深入,未能充分认识和发挥其应有的价值与功能。因此,为了弥补现有立法对特定财产或款项的占有人或管理人保护的不足,为了实现纠纷和争议的顺利解决及其司法过程中的诉讼正义,本文选取了互争之诉的典型代表——美国的互争之诉制度进行研究,以力图为我国的立法及司法实践提供思路。本文除绪论与结论部分外,共分为四章。第一章,从民事之诉的基础理论入手,对民事之诉种类的传统划分进行了一般性考察,并采用例证的分析方法指出了传统民事之诉解决纠纷的弊端,目的在于以此引出互争之诉,并为全面介绍美国民事诉讼法中互争之诉制度作理论铺垫。第二章,主要阐述了美国互争之诉制度的基础理论,分别从互争之诉的含义、诉的利益、分类、特征和运作模式等方面进行分析,力图充分展现互争之诉的制度框架。第三章,以美国民事诉讼立法与实践中存在的两种主要形态的互争之诉为着眼点,通过比较的方法较为详细的论述了这一制度在美国民诉法中的运作过程。第四章,试图以美国民诉法中互争之诉的制度价值为着力点,对我国的司法现状和现实需求加以比较,引出对互争之诉借鉴的设想,并从互争之诉的启动、阶段划分以及金额和担保问题上提出相应的建议。以上只是对美国互争之诉制度基本问题的初步研究,笔者希望借此能引起我国民事诉讼法学界对这一制度更多的关注与探讨。
[Abstract]:Mutual action is a traditional relief form derived from Anglo-American law. Its essence is that when faced with multiple claimants, the possessor or manager of a particular property or money appeals to the court to determine the final ownership of the disputed property. As a form of the existence of litigation, the interpleading suit has a long history and wide application in the American Civil procedure Law. It has been highly concerned by American scholars for a long time and has formed a relatively complete research system. Compared with the traditional three types of litigation in the civil law system, the mutual action can not only solve disputes well, avoid multiple litigation, but also prevent the damage of rights fundamentally. However, this type of litigation is still a new thing in our country. At present, the research on the mutual action and even the whole civil action has not been paid enough attention to in our country's civil procedure law, and the specific interpretation of the relevant legislation is not comprehensive, systematic and deep enough. Fail to fully understand and play its due value and function. Thus, in order to make up for the lack of protection of the possessor or administrator of a particular property or sum in existing legislation, and to achieve the smooth resolution of disputes and the administration of justice in the judicial process, In this paper, the author chooses the typical representative of mutual action, the American system of mutual action, in order to provide ideas for legislation and judicial practice in our country. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter, starting with the basic theory of civil action, makes a general investigation on the traditional classification of civil litigation, and points out the drawbacks of traditional civil litigation in resolving disputes by using the method of illustrative analysis. The purpose of this paper is to draw out the action of mutual contention, and to make a theoretical foundation for introducing the system of action against each other in the American Civil procedure Law. The second chapter mainly expounds the basic theory of American mutual action system, analyzes the meaning, interest, classification, characteristics and operation mode of the mutual action, and tries to fully show the institutional framework of the action. The third chapter focuses on the two main forms of mutual action in the legislation and practice of civil litigation in the United States, and discusses in detail the operation process of this system in American civil litigation law by means of comparative methods. The fourth chapter tries to focus on the system value of mutual action in American civil litigation law, compares the current judicial situation and the actual demand of our country, and draws the assumption of reference to the lawsuit of mutual dispute, and starts from the action of mutual dispute. The stage division and the amount of money and guarantee issues put forward the corresponding recommendations. The above is only a preliminary study of the basic issues in the system of interplesive action in the United States, and the author hopes that this will lead to more concern and discussion in the field of civil procedural law of our country.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D971.2;D925.1

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