共和政体中的“人民”:孟德斯鸠和卢梭
发布时间：2018-11-14 18:44
【摘要】：孟德斯鸠和卢梭都是启蒙思想巨子。从"人民"视角出发,暗含在经验研究的背后,孟德斯鸠要求变革共和政体、君主政体、专制政体三种政体类型中无法达成与该政体原则相协调的启蒙人民的基本法。卢梭则发现,自私的个人根本不足以建构公共利益,但没有个人,政治生活又是不可能的,人民会丧失德性而变得十分卑劣。因此,政体缔造者首先必须塑造政体所属的人民。然而,共和政体中的人民既是臣民,又是主人。"作为主权者的人民"和"作为臣民的人民",是人民的两种截然不同而又相互联系的政治身位,它包含了意志与力量、公共与个别之间的矛盾。孟德斯鸠和卢梭都面对着平衡两种身位的矛盾,进而通过"人民同意"的方式实现共和的再造和永续的政治思想重负。
[Abstract]:Montesquieu and Rousseau were the masters of enlightenment. From the perspective of "people" and behind the empirical study, Montesquieu demanded that the basic law of the enlightening people should not be reached among the three types of regimes, namely, Republican regime, monarchy and autocracy, which were in harmony with the principles of the system of government. Rousseau found that selfish individuals are not enough to construct public interests, but without individuals, political life is impossible, and people lose virtue and become despicable. Therefore, the founder of the regime must first shape the people to whom it belongs. Yet the people of the republic are both subjects and masters. " The people as sovereignty "and" the people as subjects "are two distinct and interrelated political positions of the people, which contain the contradiction between will and power, public and individual. Montesquieu and Rousseau both faced the contradiction of balancing the two positions, and then realized the reconstitution of the Republic and the burden of lasting political thought by the way of "people's consent".
【作者单位】： 西南政法大学行政法学院;
【基金】：中央财政支持地方高校发展专项资金“地方法治实践研究创新团队建设项目”
【分类号】：D909.1
本文编号：2331992
[Abstract]:Montesquieu and Rousseau were the masters of enlightenment. From the perspective of "people" and behind the empirical study, Montesquieu demanded that the basic law of the enlightening people should not be reached among the three types of regimes, namely, Republican regime, monarchy and autocracy, which were in harmony with the principles of the system of government. Rousseau found that selfish individuals are not enough to construct public interests, but without individuals, political life is impossible, and people lose virtue and become despicable. Therefore, the founder of the regime must first shape the people to whom it belongs. Yet the people of the republic are both subjects and masters. " The people as sovereignty "and" the people as subjects "are two distinct and interrelated political positions of the people, which contain the contradiction between will and power, public and individual. Montesquieu and Rousseau both faced the contradiction of balancing the two positions, and then realized the reconstitution of the Republic and the burden of lasting political thought by the way of "people's consent".
【作者单位】： 西南政法大学行政法学院;
【基金】：中央财政支持地方高校发展专项资金“地方法治实践研究创新团队建设项目”
【分类号】：D909.1
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