英国家族授产制度研究

发布时间：2018-12-09 18:15

【摘要】：家族授产制度是英国特有的一项土地法律制度,该制度涉及到财产转移、身份继承、契约、信托、抵押贷款、婚姻等多种法律关系,产生于17世纪末期,并广泛应用于18-19世纪的英国,在历史上对保持家族的世袭、政治的稳定、资本积累等都有重要意义。19世纪末期逐渐衰落,20世纪彻底退出历史舞台。但是其基本理念都为现代信托所承袭,对当代家庭财产信托和我国农村土地改革都具有重要的借鉴意义。本文共分五个部分：第一部分重点对英国家族授产制度的概念进行了论证。首先从西方学者对家族授产制度概念的含义、性质、分类等内容的不同理解进行梳理；其次从国内学者对家族授产制度概念的不同理解进行辩证分析,最终结合历史背景确定英国家族授产制度的具体定义。第二部分主要论述了家族授产制度的产生与发展。首先从英国经济社会的变革、土地产权制度的变化、地产阶级的主观愿望、职业律师的发展、法律制度的创新等因素分析家族授产制度产生的社会历史条件。其次追本溯源从嫁资制度、限定继承、剩余地产权、受托人的作用、禁止永久性规则、禁止永久积累原则、重新设定规则等相互联系的角度,详细论述家族授产制度是如何产生的。最后论述家族授产制度发展的主要过程及对其立法改革的影响。第三部分着重对家族授产制度中涉及到的自由继承地产主、终生地产权人、剩余地产权人、受托人和其他参与人的权利与义务进行论述。各个主体的权利义务直接关系到家族授产制度的实施效果,也是家族授产制度中制约与平衡理念的直接体现。第四部分论述了家族授产制度的基本内容。主要包括家族授产制度的基本模型、基本格式、设定时机以及违反家族授产制度的救济措施。第五部分从历史作用、现实意义与主要弊端等方面对英国家族授产制度进行了全面的评析,并从法理学角度对家族授产制度进行深刻解读,最后指出它对我国当前农村土地制度的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Family ownership system is a special land legal system in England. It involves property transfer, identity inheritance, contract, trust, mortgage, marriage and other legal relations, which emerged in the late 17th century. It is widely used in Britain in the 18th and 19th centuries, which is of great significance to the maintenance of family inheritance, political stability, capital accumulation, etc. In the late 19th century, it gradually declined, and the 20th century completely withdrew from the historical stage. But its basic idea is inherited by the modern trust, and has important reference significance to the contemporary family property trust and the rural land reform of our country. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part focuses on the concept of the British family ownership system. First of all, from the western scholars on the concept of family ownership system, the meaning, nature, classification and other content of the different understanding to sort out; Secondly, from the domestic scholars' different understanding of the concept of family ownership system dialectical analysis, finally combined with the historical background to determine the specific definition of the British family ownership system. The second part mainly discusses the birth and development of the system of family ownership. First of all, this paper analyzes the social and historical conditions of the family property system from such factors as the economic and social change, the change of the land property right system, the subjective desire of the real estate class, the development of the professional lawyer, the innovation of the legal system, and so on. Secondly, from the perspective of the marriage system, limited inheritance, residual real estate rights, the role of trustees, the prohibition of permanent rules, the prohibition of the principle of permanent accumulation, and the re-setting of rules, etc. This paper discusses in detail how the system of family conferment of property comes into being. Finally, it discusses the main process of the development of the family system and its influence on the legislative reform. The third part focuses on the rights and obligations of the free inheritance real estate owners, lifetime property owners, residual property owners, trustees and other participants involved in the system of family ownership. The rights and obligations of each subject are directly related to the effect of the implementation of the system, and it is also the direct embodiment of the idea of restriction and balance in the system. The fourth part discusses the basic contents of the system of family ownership. It mainly includes the basic model, the basic format, the setting time and the relief measures of violating the family system. In the fifth part, the author makes a comprehensive analysis of the system of family ownership in Britain from the aspects of historical function, practical significance and main malpractice, and makes a profound interpretation of the system of family ownership from the point of view of jurisprudence. Finally, it points out its reference significance to the current rural land system of our country.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D956.1;DD912.3;DD913

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