斯韦泽案:美国联邦最高法院学术自由判决第一案

发布时间：2019-03-01 19:03

【摘要】：斯韦泽案是20世纪50年代冷战时期美国联邦最高法院真正介入学术自由的第一案。通过梳理和分析斯韦泽案的案件过程及其引发的公共舆论对判决的影响,发现斯韦泽案件的判决依据是模糊的、存在争议的,引发了不少对斯韦泽案的误读。为此,应从以沃伦为主导的多数意见和以法兰克福特为主导的附带意见两个方面来澄清斯韦泽案的判决依据,解释引发误读的原因。斯韦泽案推动了美国大学教授协会和联邦最高法院就学术自由制度、合法性等方面的首次对话,拓展了学术自由主体的法理阐释范围,为学术自由在美国宪法权利中的证成迈出了重要的一步,但对它在美国学术自由史上的地位及影响需要客观评价,不应过度夸大其对学术自由宪法权利诠释的作用。
[Abstract]:The Sweiser case was the first case in which the Supreme Court of the United States really intervened in academic freedom during the Cold War in the 1950s. Through combing and analyzing the process of the Sweiser case and the influence of public opinion on the judgment, it is found that the basis of the decision in the Sweze case is vague and controversial, which leads to a lot of misreading of the Sweiser case. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the basis of the decision in Sweze's case from two aspects: Warren's majority opinion and Frankfurt's leading side opinion, and explain the cause of misreading. The Sweiser case promoted the first dialogue between the American Association of University Professors and the Federal Supreme Court on the system of academic freedom, legitimacy, and so on, and expanded the scope of legal interpretation of the subject of academic freedom. It takes an important step to prove academic freedom in American constitutional rights, but it needs objective evaluation of its position and influence in the history of American academic freedom, and should not exaggerate its role in interpreting the constitutional right of academic freedom.
【作者单位】：曲阜师范大学继续教育学院;北京师范大学教育历史与文化研究院;
【基金】：全国教育科学“十二五”规划教育部重点课题“美国研究型大学章程研究”(课题批准号:DOA150220)研究成果之一
【分类号】：D971.2;G649.712

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