中国户籍制度现状与改革的新思考

发布时间：2018-10-29 21:03

【摘要】： 户籍制度作为一项基本的国家行政制度,它在中国有悠久的历史和深厚的文化传统。从夏商周朝开始,经过古代社会长时间的积累和发展,到计划经济时代乃至现在,中国户籍制度已经有了深刻的变化和长远的发展。户籍制度作为中国一项具有根本性、重要性的制度,它涉及全体人民的切身利益和社会生活的基本形貌,其从古代直到现在始终与我们的日常生活息息相关。虽然古代中国不同历史阶段的户籍制度传统和中国现行户籍制度之间在内容、形式和性质等方面都存在差异,但这并不影响他们之间的继承性与创新性发展。另外,中国现行户籍制度与其他国家的户籍管理制度也存在不同。如何立足我国的基本国情,在正确认识中国现行户籍制度的性质、功能和内在矛盾的基础上,结合实践中的户籍案例,对我国现行户籍制度的未来发展提出思路和策略有重要意义。近些年来,不论是理论界还是实务界对我国户籍制度都进行了大量的探讨和研究,改革中国现行户籍制度的呼声越来越高,各地区也陆续地出台了相关的制度措施。当然,我们不能否认,由于现行户籍制度存在的诸多弊端,致使有关户籍方面的犯罪也在逐年上升。北京最大的倒卖户口案就是一个典型,并且很多类似的案例都反映出现行户籍制度不论是在程序方面还是制度管理本身都存在漏洞。户籍制度作为与人们日常生活息息相关的一种制度,在现实生活中的状况是不乐观的,并且“有人口流动却无人口迁移”的怪现象已经司空见惯了。因此,户籍制度作为一套复杂的、覆盖民众的并具有强制性的社会制度,其社会管理功能正在发生深刻的变化,但作为制度本身却没有跟上时代的步伐。中国现行户籍制度的未来是改革或是取消的,许多学者和实务工作者都提出了不同的意见。他们的观点和见解可以归纳为“取消论”、“脱钩论”和“统一论”三种。这三种观点都具有一定的理论意义和实践价值的,但不可否认它们都带有片面性。中国现行户籍制度脱胎于对历史传统的继承和创新,在每个历史阶段都发挥了重要的、不可取代的作用。我们对中国现行户籍制度的未来应该持谨慎乐观的态度:一方面不能全部否认现行的户籍制度,另一方面也不能继续全盘坚持。因此,对现行户籍制度以及迁徙自由进行法制化,是现行户籍制度在发挥自身应有功能的同时尽量减少人们日常生活不便的一个有效途径。
[Abstract]:As a basic national administrative system, household registration system has a long history and profound cultural tradition in China. From the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, after a long period of accumulation and development of ancient society, to the planned economy era and even now, China's household registration system has undergone profound changes and long-term development. As a fundamental and important system in China, the household registration system involves the vital interests of the whole people and the basic appearance of social life. It has always been closely related to our daily life from ancient times to now. Although there are differences in content, form and nature between the traditional household registration system in ancient China and the current household registration system in China, this does not affect their inheritance and innovative development. In addition, the current household registration system in China is different from that in other countries. How to base on the basic national conditions of our country, on the basis of correctly understanding the nature, function and inherent contradiction of the current household registration system in China, combining with the case of household registration in practice, It is of great significance to put forward ideas and strategies for the future development of the current household registration system in China. In recent years, both theoretical and practical circles have carried out a large number of discussions and studies on the household registration system in China, and the voice of reforming the current household registration system in China is getting higher and higher, and various regions have successively introduced relevant system measures. Of course, we can not deny that the current household registration system has many drawbacks, resulting in the increase of crimes related to household registration year by year. Beijing's biggest hukou reselling case is typical, and many similar cases reflect loopholes in the current household registration system, both in procedure and in the system itself. As a system closely related to people's daily life, the household registration system is not optimistic in real life, and the strange phenomenon of "there is population mobility but no population migration" has become commonplace. Therefore, as a complex and compulsory social system, the social management function of the household registration system is undergoing profound changes, but the system itself has not kept up with the pace of the times. Many scholars and practitioners have put forward different opinions on whether the future of the current household registration system in China will be reformed or abolished. Their views and opinions can be divided into three types: cancellation theory, decoupling theory and unification theory. These three views have certain theoretical significance and practical value, but they are all one-sided. China's current household registration system, born from the inheritance and innovation of historical tradition, has played an important and irreplaceable role in every historical stage. We should be cautiously optimistic about the future of China's current household registration system: on the one hand, we can not deny the current household registration system, on the other hand, we can not continue to stick to it all. Therefore, to legalize the current household registration system and the freedom of migration is an effective way for the current household registration system to play its due function while minimizing the inconvenience in people's daily life.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D631.42

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