地理学视角下犯罪者行为研究进展

发布时间：2019-02-08 19:36

【摘要】：犯罪地理学以社会问题为导向,关注犯罪现象的格局、过程与机理,沿着"揭示问题、服务安全、解决问题"的思路,去破解复杂的社会难题,并在公共安全和犯罪防控领域贡献力量。本文基于地理学视角,从犯罪出行、犯罪空间决策、重复犯罪三大研究主题出发,综述了国内外犯罪者行为的研究进展。结果表明,国外研究取得了较多成果,如:(1)犯罪出行方面发现了就近掠夺和外出犯罪的空间模式;不同犯罪类型的出行距离存在显著差异;以及犯罪出行距离受犯罪者个体特征、地理特征、犯罪收益和情感因素的影响。(2)犯罪空间决策受经济因素、社会因素以及犯罪者空间意识的影响。(3)重复犯罪存在时空聚集性和时空临近性。国内研究主要集中在国外理论与经验引介,犯罪时空分布、形成机理与空间防控,以及犯罪模拟与预测方面,而地理学视角下犯罪者行为研究尚处于初始阶段,有许多空白亟需填补。总体而言,在犯罪者研究领域,仍存在以下3点不足:(1)在犯罪出行方面,综合的视角不多;(2)在犯罪空间决策方面,尚未涉及犯罪空间决策的时间差异及形成机制;(3)在重复犯罪方面,尚未考虑过去的犯罪活动和经验。最后,论文从视角、内容、方法及应用上提出未来的研究重点:注重综合性视角的实证分析;开展针对犯罪团伙的研究;合理利用大数据分析犯罪者行为的规律、过程和机理,避免导致推理错误;注重理论研究成果的转化,满足国家社会治安的重大需求,并提升犯罪地理学的学科价值。
[Abstract]:Criminal geography is guided by social problems, pays attention to the pattern, process and mechanism of criminal phenomena, and solves complex social problems along the thinking of "revealing problems, serving safety, solving problems". And contribute to the field of public safety and crime prevention and control. From the perspective of geography, this paper summarizes the research progress of criminal behavior at home and abroad from three major research topics: crime travel, crime spatial decision making and repeated crime. The results show that more achievements have been made in foreign research, such as: (1) the spatial patterns of the crime of nearby plunder and excursion have been found, and there are significant differences in travel distance between different types of crime. And the distance of criminal travel is affected by the individual characteristics, geographical characteristics, proceeds of crime and emotional factors. (2) the spatial decision-making of crime is affected by economic factors, Social factors and the influence of criminals' spatial consciousness. (3) there are spatio-temporal agglomeration and spatio-temporal proximity of repeated crimes. Domestic studies mainly focus on the introduction of foreign theories and experiences, the spatial and temporal distribution of crime, the formation mechanism and spatial prevention and control, as well as the simulation and prediction of crime. However, the study of criminal behavior from the perspective of geography is still in its initial stage. There are many gaps that need to be filled. In general, in the field of crime research, there are still three deficiencies: (1) there are not many comprehensive perspectives in crime travel; (2) in crime spatial decision-making, the time difference and formation mechanism of crime spatial decision have not been involved; (III) past criminal activities and experience have not been taken into account with respect to repetition of crime. Finally, the paper puts forward the key points of future research from angle of view, content, method and application: pay attention to the empirical analysis of comprehensive perspective, carry out research on criminal gang; Using big data reasonably to analyze the law, process and mechanism of offender's behavior, to avoid leading to reasoning error, to pay attention to the transformation of theoretical research results, to meet the great demand of national social security, and to promote the discipline value of criminal geography.
【作者单位】：中山大学地理科学与规划学院综合地理信息研究中心;辛辛那提大学地理系;
【基金】：国家自然科学重点基金项目(41531178) 广东省自然科学基金研究团队项目(2014A030312010) 国家自然科学优秀青年科学基金项目(41522104) 国家自然科学基金项目(41171140) 广东省科技计划项目(2015A020217003)~~
【分类号】：D917.3

【相似文献】