犯罪圈的划定与文化变迁

发布时间：2019-02-12 06:35

【摘要】： 犯罪是一种文化现象,文化不仅影响了立法者和司法者的犯罪观,而且也影响了犯罪圈的划定。犯罪圈的设定是立法者意志的反映,而立法者对犯罪圈的设定并不是随心所欲的,而是基于自己的价值观念所做出的判断,而价值观念的形成是由于文化的塑模作用,立法者身处其中的文化环境决定了其价值观念和价值取向。因此,犯罪圈的划定必然受社会主流文化的影响。司法是立法者的价值判断在生活中的具体运用,同样也会受社会文化的影响与制约。中国传统文化是以儒家思想为核心的。中国古代社会犯罪圈的划定深受儒家文化的影响。习惯法、伦理道德、法文化传统作为中国传统文化一部分,都对中国传统的犯罪及刑罚发生了重要影响,使中国古代刑法制度在诸多方面独具特色。 19世纪中期以来,中国社会发生了急剧变化,开始了由传统社会向近代社会的转变,这种转变是必然的,也是必要的。社会的转型必然引起文化的变迁,即由中国传统的儒家文化向现代文化转变。在文化变迁的过程中,经过一系列的文化变革和文化运动,儒家文化慢慢失去了往日地位和作用,而西方文化的影响日盛,民主、自由观念慢慢深入人心,西式的法律制度和和法律原则逐渐确立,社会大众的法律观念逐步在转变。文化的变迁和文化观念的变化,也引起了犯罪圈的变化。中国少数民族地区在长期的历史发展中,形成了特色鲜明的民族习惯法。民族习惯法作为少数民族文化的一部分,成为了当地少数民族的行为规范,深深影响了少数民族的犯罪观和价值取向,也影响了民族地区犯罪圈的界定。民族地区的立法机关在立法时,不能照搬汉族地区的标准,而要考虑少数民族地区的习惯法,进行变通立法。根据民族习惯法,在少数民族地区被视为不是犯罪的行为,立法者应将其排除在犯罪圈之外。民族地区的刑事司法应兼顾民族习惯法,对刑法的有关规定予以适当变通。传统文化是民族精神的凝结,也是一个民族独特性的标志,不可能也不应当完全抛弃,但传统文化的更新与变迁也是一个必然的历史过程。在当代中国的社会转型过程中,刑法关于犯罪的规定如何做到既守望传统又适应文化的变迁,是刑法学人面临的一个重大课题,本文关于文化变迁与犯罪圈的关系的探讨算作是在这方面的一个初步尝试。
[Abstract]:Crime is a kind of cultural phenomenon, which not only affects the concept of crime of legislators and jurists, but also affects the delineation of crime circle. The establishment of the crime circle is the reflection of the legislator's will, and the legislator's setting of the crime circle is not arbitrary, but based on the judgment made by his own values, and the formation of the value concept is due to the role of culture in shaping the model. The cultural environment in which legislators live determines its value concept and value orientation. Therefore, the delineation of crime circle is bound to be influenced by the mainstream culture of society. Judicature is the concrete application of legislators' value judgment in life, and it will also be influenced and restricted by social culture. The core of Chinese traditional culture is Confucianism. The delineation of crime circle in ancient Chinese society was deeply influenced by Confucian culture. As a part of Chinese traditional culture, customary law, ethics and culture tradition all have an important influence on Chinese traditional crime and penalty, which makes the ancient Chinese criminal law system unique in many aspects. Since the middle of the 19th century, Chinese society has changed dramatically and started the transformation from traditional society to modern society, which is inevitable and necessary. The transformation of society will inevitably lead to the change of culture, that is, from the traditional Chinese Confucian culture to the modern culture. In the process of cultural change, after a series of cultural changes and cultural movements, Confucian culture slowly lost its former status and role, while the influence of Western culture became more and more prosperous, and the concept of democracy and freedom gradually took root in the hearts of the people. Western-style legal system and legal principles are gradually established, the legal concept of the public is gradually changing. The change of culture and the change of cultural concept also caused the change of crime circle. In the long-term historical development of ethnic minority areas in China, distinctive national customary laws have been formed. As a part of the minority culture, the national customary law has become the behavior norm of the local minority, which has deeply influenced the view of crime and the value orientation of the minority, and has also influenced the definition of the crime circle in the minority area. When legislating in minority areas, the legislature should not copy the standards of Han nationality regions, but should consider the customary laws of minority areas and make alternative legislation. According to national customary law, it is not considered a crime in minority areas, and legislators should exclude it from the criminal circle. The criminal justice in minority areas should take into account the national customary law and make appropriate modifications to the relevant provisions of the criminal law. Traditional culture is the condensation of national spirit and the symbol of national uniqueness. It is impossible and should not be completely abandoned, but the renewal and change of traditional culture is also an inevitable historical process. In the process of social transformation in contemporary China, how to observe the tradition and adapt to the change of culture in criminal law is an important subject that criminal law people are faced with. The relationship between cultural change and crime circle is a preliminary attempt in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D917

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