伊斯兰教法在非洲的移植与本土化

发布时间：2018-01-20 04:50

本文关键词： 非洲伊斯兰教法非洲习惯法法律移植本土化　出处：《湘潭大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 公元639年,阿拉伯人入侵埃及,掀开了非洲历史的新一页。自入侵开始,伊斯兰教便开始在非洲大陆传播开来,于是伊斯兰教法依托着伊斯兰教的广泛传播被移植到非洲大陆。伊斯兰教法是由早期和中世纪的法学家们根据社会生活的需要,在继承、修改习惯法的基础上,以神启的名义加以规定和编纂的法律,就其主体部分而言,是在古代阿拉伯部落习惯和倭马亚王朝行政法规和民俗习惯的基础上发展而成的。伊斯兰教法的发展过程是个复杂的历史过程,直到公元10世纪法学理论才趋于完善。从伊斯兰教法的发展历程来看,伊斯兰教法在非洲的移植与本土化过程,是非洲法律的进步,同时也是伊斯兰教法的发展。本文将从整体上分析非洲大陆在移植伊斯兰教法后,伊斯兰教法在非洲大陆的地位和产生的影响。它展示了这样一幅画面:在法律快速发展的情况下尽可能地保留当地习惯法,同时要维持伊斯兰法的生长和作用。在每一个个案中,政府行政命令对习惯法和伊斯兰法的实现起着至关重要的作用;在每一个司法案例中,伊斯兰教法和习惯法起着同等重要的作用。本文试图把伊斯兰教法作为非洲本土法的一部分进行研究,在对7-16世纪伊斯兰教在非洲各地区的传播做一番简单介绍后,希望以此为背景进而研究非洲对伊斯兰教法的继受。然后在对非洲移植伊斯兰教法论述时,会涉及到非洲移植伊斯兰教法的原因和移植进程。最后本文会对伊斯兰教法一些概念、学派进行比较分析,以此反映伊斯兰教法在非洲的多样性,进一步引申到伊斯兰教法相关法律如何在非洲实施的问题。除此以外,本文将一改研究非洲伊斯兰教法就“言必称埃及”的做法,选择苏丹地区为研究个案,具体论述伊斯兰教法在移植到非洲的苏丹后,如何与当地法之间发生冲突并协调,最终演变成为非洲本土法。本文的研究限定在公元7-16世纪,即西方殖民入侵非洲前这一时段。这样做的目的一方面是避免写作范围过于宽泛,无法体现重心;另一方面是为了与伊斯兰复兴运动兴起后伊斯兰教法对非洲的影响区别开来。西方殖民入侵时,伊斯兰教法已经由当初的“外来法”演变成非洲大陆的“本土法”。研究伊斯兰教法的移植与本土化过程,对于准确理解非洲当代法律体系具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:In 639, the Arabs invaded Egypt, opening a new page in the history of Africa. Islam has spread throughout the continent since the invasion. As a result, Shariah was transplanted to the African continent on the basis of the widespread dissemination of Islam. Shariah was based on inheritance and modification of customary law by early and medieval jurists according to the needs of social life. Law prescribed and codified in the name of God, as far as its main body is concerned. It was developed on the basis of the customs of ancient Arab tribes and the administration and folklore of the Japanese Maya dynasty. The development of Islamic law is a complicated historical process. It was not until 10th century that the theory of law tended to be perfected. From the perspective of the development of sharia law, the transplantation and localization of sharia law in Africa is the progress of African law. It is also the development of sharia law. This article will analyze the African continent after transplanting sharia law as a whole. The status and impact of sharia law on the African continent. It shows the picture of retaining local customary law as much as possible in a context of rapid development of law. At the same time, to maintain the growth and role of Islamic law. In each case, the executive order of government plays a vital role in the realization of customary law and Islamic law; In each judicial case, sharia law and customary law play an equally important role. This paper attempts to study sharia law as part of African native law. After a brief introduction to the spread of Islam in various regions of Africa in the 7-16th century, it is hoped that this will serve as a background for the study of Africa's acceptance of Islamic law, and then in the transfer of sharia law to Africa. It will involve the reasons and the process of transplantation of sharia law in Africa. Finally, this paper will make a comparative analysis of some concepts and schools of Islamic law, so as to reflect the diversity of sharia law in Africa. In addition, this paper will change the study of African Shariah on the practice of "call Egypt", select the Sudan as a case study. This paper discusses how the sharia law conflicts and coordinates with the local law after it is transplanted to the Sudan in Africa, and finally evolves into the African native law. The study of this paper is limited to the period before the Western colonial invasion of Africa in the 7th and 16th centuries. On the one hand, the purpose of this study is to avoid the writing scope is too broad to reflect the center of gravity; On the other hand, it is to distinguish the influence of sharia law on Africa after the rise of the Islamic Renaissance Movement. The sharia law has changed from "foreign law" to "native law" in Africa. It is of great significance to study the transplantation and localization of sharia law for the accurate understanding of African contemporary legal system.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D909.37

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