罗斯福新政立法探析

发布时间：2018-01-21 08:46

本文关键词： 经济危机新政立法自由放任主义国家干预法律形式主义　出处：《西南政法大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 1929年10月24日,美国股市的大崩溃引发了一场空前的经济危机并迅速蔓延至整个资本主义世界。当时美国的在任总统胡佛顽固地坚持自由放任主义,导致美国国内各种矛盾日益激化,整个社会动荡不安。富兰克林·罗斯福在这种情况下出任美国总统,他一反过去的自由放任主义而采取广泛的国家干预措施,通过一系列大规模立法全面深入地干预经济生活,推行新政来拯救危机中的美国。美国的新政立法几乎涉及社会经济生活的各个方面,它不仅帮助美国走出了危机,而且使美国的资本主义走向更为成熟的发展阶段。同时,罗斯福新政立法对其他西方国家经济政策的制定也产生了深远的影响。一直到现在,新政立法依然对美国乃至世界发挥着积极影响。对罗斯福新政立法进行深入研究,对于我国彻底走出目前的金融危机也有很重要的借鉴意义。目前,国内外学者对于罗斯福新政的研究,主要是从历史学、经济学的角度出发,将新政的一系列立法和其他政策措施作为一个整体,放在当时经济危机的历史大环境下进行系统论述。笔者力图从法律史角度出发,专门选取罗斯福新政立法作为研究对象,采用历史分析和实证分析相结合的方法,通过对罗斯福新政立法的原因、立法内容、立法影响等方面的论述,更加突显新政立法在美国法律发展进程中的重要地位以及在美国整个社会经济发展过程中的重要作用,以期从中发现一些借鉴价值。本文理论论述深度略显不足,仍有进一步改进完善的空间。全文分为以下几个部分: 引言部分介绍了罗斯福新政立法的背景、研究目的、相关领域国内外研究现状以及研究意义。论文正文的第一部分分析了罗斯福新政立法的四个方面原因,“自由放任主义”导致的经济危机,经济危机引发的政治危机,法律现实主义的兴起以及胡佛应对危机措施的失败四因素的综合作用,促成了罗斯福新政立法的产生。美国一直奉行自由放任主义的经济政策,随着美国的工业化发展到极致,直接导致了经济危机的爆发,经济基础的剧变决定罗斯福要对作为上层建筑的法律进行一定改革。伴随而来的政治危机决定罗斯福要通过立法这个强有力的手段巩固稳定资产阶级政权。法律思想方面由法律形式主义向法律现实主义的转变构成了罗斯福新政立法的法理根基。胡佛自由放任主义应对措施的失败也呼唤罗斯福国家干预经济的立法的产生。第二部分介绍了罗斯福新政立法的内容,分别从整顿金融、调整农业、振兴工业、社会保障以及保护劳工五个方面对新政时期一些主要立法进行了介绍。重点选取每部分最为重要的立法,从立法背景,到主要内容及特点,再到立法实施效果进行详细阐述,以期能够对新政时期的整个立法有更加全面、深入的了解。第三部分分析了罗斯福新政立法的影响。新政立法的实施不仅带领美国走出了经济危机,国内经济形势明显好转,而且在美国政治体制和经济法制建设方面也影响深远。罗斯福新政立法的过程中,扩张了总体权力,开创了以政府为主体的现代管理制度和以总统为中心的现代总统制度。以国家干预经济的理论指导制定出的一系列法律,基本构成了一个完整的经济法律体系,这在美国经济法乃至世界经济法的发展进程中是非常重要的。第四部分评价了罗斯福新政立法在美国史上乃至世界历史上的重要地位,从中得出对我国当前完全走出金融危机的借鉴。第五部分结语在总结全文的基础上强调了罗斯福新政立法的意义。
[Abstract]:In October 24, 1929, the U.S. stock market crash triggered an unprecedented economic crisis and quickly spread throughout the capitalist world. At that time the United States President Hoover stubbornly laissez-faire doctrine, cause the domestic various conflicts increasingly intensified, the entire social instability. In this case Franklin I as president of the United States, he reversed the past laissez-faire nationalism and state intervention to a wide range of measures, through a series of large-scale comprehensive legislative intervention in economic life, the implementation of new policies to save the crisis in the United States. All aspects of America's New Deal legislation almost relates to social and economic life, it not only helped the United States out of the crisis, but also make us capitalism towards a more mature stage of development at the same time, Roosevelt's New Deal legislation in other western countries also have a far-reaching economic policy Influence. Until now, the New Deal legislation of the United States and the world still plays a positive effect. The in-depth study of Roosevelt's New Deal legislation for our country completely out of the current financial crisis is also very important significance. At present, the research for Roosevelt's new deal of scholars at home and abroad, mainly from the perspective of history, economics that will be a series of New Deal legislation and other policy measures as a whole, in the historical environment of the economic crisis of the system under discussion. The author tries to start from the perspective of legal history, specially selected Roosevelt's New Deal legislation as the research object, using the method of historical analysis and empirical analysis combined, through the reasons of Roosevelt's new deal the legislative content, legislative effect and other aspects of the important position, highlight the New Deal legislation process in the United States in the development of the law in the United States and the whole In the process of social and economic development, it plays an important role in order to find some reference value. The theoretical depth of this article is slightly insufficient, and there is still room for further improvement and improvement.
The full text is divided into the following parts:
The introduction introduces the background of Roosevelt's new policy legislation, the purpose of the study, the research status at home and abroad in the related fields and the significance of the research.
The first part analyzes four reasons of Roosevelt's New Deal legislation, "laissez-faire doctrine" caused by the economic crisis, the economic crisis triggered a political crisis, the comprehensive effect of the rise of legal realism and Hoover's response to the crisis measures the failure of the four factors, contributed to Roosevelt's New Deal legislation. The United States has pursued laissez-faire doctrine economic policy, with the industrialization of the United States to the extreme, directly led to the outbreak of the economic crisis, drastic changes in the economic base in Roosevelt's decision to the superstructure of the law as a reform. Accompanied by the political crisis in Roosevelt's decision to pass legislation to consolidate the stability of this powerful tool of bourgeois regime. The transformation of the legal thought from legal form "to the legal realism, constitute the legal foundation of Roosevelt Hoover's New Deal legislation. Free The failure of the response to the principles of the doctrine called for the emergence of the legislation of Roosevelt's state to intervene in the economy.
The second part introduces the contents of Roosevelt's New Deal legislation, respectively from the rectification of the financial, agricultural adjustment, industrial revitalization, the five aspects of social security and the protection of workers in the New Deal period of some major legislation were introduced. The key to select the most important legislation for each part, from the legislative background, the main contents and characteristics, to the effect of legislation in detail, in order to be able to deal in the legislation of a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding.
The third part analyzes the influence of Roosevelt's New Deal legislation. The implementation of the New Deal legislation not only led the United States out of the economic crisis, the domestic economic situation has improved, but also in terms of the American political system and economic legal system construction has far-reaching influence. The process of Roosevelt's new deal legislation, expansion of the overall power to create a government as the main body of the modern management system and to the president as the center of the modern presidential system. A series of legal theory to guide the state intervention in the economy to develop the basic constitute a complete legal system, which is very important in the development of economic law and the world economic law.
The fourth part evaluates the important position of Roosevelt's New Deal legislation in the history of the United States and even the world history, and draws lessons for our country to get out of the financial crisis at present.
The fifth part of the conclusion, on the basis of summarizing the full text, emphasizes the significance of Roosevelt's new policy legislation.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D971.2

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