当代中国地方立法公众参与机制研究

发布时间：2018-01-28 10:51

本文关键词： 地方立法公众参与机制立法倡议立法信息公开立法听证　出处：《上海师范大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 随着我国公众的民主权利意识和法治意识的逐渐提高,公众参与政治的要求越来越强烈,并且由于社会利益分化严重,社会矛盾错综复杂,这使得我国社会的各个方面都需要公众的积极参与,同时我国的改革也进入了深水区,涉及到方方面面的利益调整,特别是涉及到既得利益者的利益调整,于是公众的积极参与和创造性已成为当前改革开放的基本动力。没有公众的各方面的积极参与,我国各个方面的改革也很难取得合法性,我国这样一个大国的改革和建设也就很难取得成功。本文从人民主权理论、参与民主理论、治理理论和新公共管理理论出发,分析了我国公众参与地方立法的理论基础。本文还分析了我国法律中公众参与地方立法的规范性依据。我国公众参与地方立法取得了比较大的成就,创造了多种参与方式和途径,比如立法座谈会、全民讨论、书面征求意见、论证会、立法听证会、来信来访和来电、网络参与和列席立法会议。特别是立法听证会制度的建立,使公众有了更多的直接参与地方立法以及与立法工作者直接沟通的机会。但是我国公众参与地方立法依然存在很大不足,表现在地方立法机关主导性过强、公众参与地方立法的随意性较大,公众参与大都是无序参与、公众参与地方立法的积极性和主动性不高、我国公众参与地方立法的程度和意识不足和公众参与渠道比较单一,其主要原因主要有政治民主制度的不完善、社会经济发展条件的制约、公众参与心理和法律知识原因,特别是由于地方立法公众参与机制缺失导致公众参与效果不佳。本文也分析了美国地方立法公众参与机制的特点和其启示,并就完善我国公众参与地方立法机制提出对策,完善我国地方立法公众参与机制必须在以下几个方面建立具体制度:一,建立公众参与立法倡议的制度,包括建立公众立法倡议的平台和立法倡议项目登记制度;二,完善地方立法的公开公告制度;三,完善以立法听证制度为主导的公众参与地方立法机制;四,完善我国公众参与地方立法机制的配套制度,包括加强党的领导核心和汲取民意作用、加强和完善我国地方人大制度、加强我国的公民教育以及增强公民参与意识、能力和信心。总之,我国地方立法公众参与机制的建立不是轻而易举的事,需要各方面的耐心和努力,包括领导者的智慧和对公众是主体的观念确立、领导的让权与创新、公众的理智以及专家学者的研究和探索。
[Abstract]:With the gradual improvement of public awareness of democratic rights and the rule of law, the demands of public participation in politics are becoming more and more intense, and the social contradictions are complicated because of the serious differentiation of social interests. This makes all aspects of our society need the active participation of the public, at the same time, the reform of our country has also entered the deep water area, involving all aspects of the adjustment of interests, especially the interests of those with vested interests. Therefore, the active participation and creativity of the public has become the basic driving force of the current reform and opening up. Without the active participation of the public, it is difficult to obtain the legitimacy of the reform in all aspects of our country. China's reform and construction of such a large country will be difficult to achieve success. This paper starts from the theory of people's sovereignty, the theory of participatory democracy, the theory of governance and the theory of new public management. This paper also analyzes the normative basis of public participation in local legislation in our country. The public participation in local legislation in our country has made great achievements. Various ways and means of participation have been created, such as legislative symposia, popular discussions, written solicitation of opinions, argumentation sessions, legislative hearings, letters, visits and calls. Network participation and attendance at legislative meetings, especially the establishment of the system of legislative hearings. So that the public have more opportunities to directly participate in local legislation and direct communication with legislators. However, there are still a lot of shortcomings in our country's public participation in local legislation, which is manifested in the strong dominance of local legislative organs. Public participation in local legislation is more arbitrary, public participation is mostly disorderly participation, public participation in local legislation enthusiasm and initiative is not high. The degree and consciousness of public participation in local legislation and the channel of public participation are relatively single, the main reasons are the imperfection of political democracy system and the restriction of social and economic development conditions. The reasons of public participation psychological and legal knowledge, especially the lack of local legislation public participation mechanism lead to poor public participation. This paper also analyzes the characteristics of the public participation mechanism of local legislation in the United States and its enlightenment, and puts forward countermeasures to improve the local legislative mechanism of public participation in our country. To perfect the mechanism of public participation in local legislation, we must establish specific system in the following aspects: first, establish the system of public participation in legislative initiatives. Including the establishment of a platform for public legislative initiatives and a registration system for legislative initiatives projects; Second, perfect the public announcement system of local legislation; Third, improve the public participation in the local legislation mechanism, which is dominated by the legislative hearing system; Fourth, improve the supporting system of public participation in the local legislative mechanism, including strengthening the leadership of the Party and the role of drawing public opinion, strengthening and improving our local people's Congress system. Strengthen our country's civic education and enhance citizen's participation consciousness, ability and confidence. In a word, the establishment of public participation mechanism of local legislation in our country is not easy. It requires patience and effort from all aspects, including the wisdom of leaders and the establishment of the idea that the public is the main body, and the leadership to give way to power and innovation. Public reason and the research and exploration of experts and scholars.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D920.0

【引证文献】