《大清现行刑律》与民初民事法源——大理院对“现行律民事有效部分”的适用

发布时间：2018-02-01 18:22

本文关键词： 《大清现行刑律》现行律民事有效部分民事法源　出处：《法学研究》2013年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】："现行律民事有效部分"是民初一种主要而又特殊的民事法源,源自《大清现行刑律》,但在立法层面,《大清现行刑律》从"刑律"到"民法"转变的任务并未完成,即未形成统一法律文本样态的"现行律民事有效部分"。司法机关适用该法源时面临着三大难题:无统一明确的内容该如何适用?相关律(例)文未去刑罚化如何用于民事审判?旧的律(例)文如何适应新的社会情势和法律制度?大理院以判例和解释例,确认并明确了"现行律民事有效部分"的内容范围,从原刑律条款转化出民事效果,并通过法律解释、类推适用和假借等方式,保证了其在民初司法实践中的正常适用;经由法律概念的对接、民法理论的融合和权利观念的渗透,实现了对"现行律民事有效部分"的创新,使其成为中国民法近代化历程中新旧之法融合的一个节点和枢纽,构成近代中国法制史上的重要一环。
[Abstract]:The Civil effective part of the current Law is a main and special source of civil law in the early Republic of China, which originated from the current Criminal Law of the Qing Dynasty, but at the legislative level. The task of transforming from "criminal law" to "civil law" has not been completed. That is, the "effective part of the current law" is not formed in the form of uniform legal text. When the judicial organ applies the law source, it faces three major difficulties: how to apply the content without a unified and clear meaning? How is the absence of penalty in relevant laws used in civil trials? How does the old law adapt to the new social situation and legal system? Dali Institute confirmed and defined the content range of "effective part of Civil Law" by case law and interpretation example, and transformed the civil effect from the original criminal law clause, and through legal interpretation, analogy application and false loan and so on. It ensures its normal application in the judicial practice of the beginning of the Republic of China; Through the docking of the concept of law, the fusion of the theory of civil law and the penetration of the concept of right, the innovation of "effective part of civil law" has been realized. Making it a node and hub of the fusion of new and old laws in the course of modernization of Chinese civil law constitutes an important link in the history of modern Chinese legal system.
【作者单位】：福建江夏学院法学院;
【基金】：2012年教育部人文社科研究项目“‘现行律民事有效部分’及其适用研究”(项目号12YJC820022) 2011年福建省教育厅社会科学研究一般项目“中国民法近代化再研究:以‘现行律民事有效部分'为考察视角”(项目号:JB11295S)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D929;D924
【正文快照】： 传统中国法制并无独立专门的民事法典。晚清变法修律(1902—1911),曾一度制定《大清民律草案》,后因清廷灭亡而未颁行实施。民国肇建,百废待举,由于政治大环境、立法程序和技术上的困难,一部统一的民法典始终无法产生,而一些特别民事法令也缺乏统一性,民事审判依据困境重重。

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