加拿大国际贸易法庭初探

发布时间：2018-02-25 02:31

  本文关键词： 加拿大国际贸易法庭 准司法性 司法审查　出处：《湘潭大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 加拿大是世界经济大国,也是国际贸易大国,其贸易量几乎占其国内生产总值的一半。庞大的贸易量不可避免的导致了贸易纠纷的发生,尤其是在经济全球化背景下,国际贸易纠纷日趋复杂,给加拿大国际贸易的发展造成了阻碍。在此背景下,1988年,加拿大国际贸易法庭(CITT)作为加拿大最为主要的审查贸易政策和解决贸易纠纷的独立机构应运而生,为加拿大外贸纠纷的解决提供了法律机制,促进了加拿大外贸的顺利开展。 CITT是一个集行政、司法于一身的独立机构,直接通过财政部长向加拿大议会负责,不受其他任何行政机关的领导。在管辖权问题上,当加拿大关于贸易纠纷的行政裁决涉及北美自由贸易协定(NAFTA)成员方时,CITT管辖与NAFTA管辖是一种选择性排他管辖;当裁决涉及除NAFTA成员以外的WTO其他成员方时,该成员方国内企业可向CITT提起诉讼,也可以由该成员方政府直接将纠纷提交到WTO,启动WTO争端解决机制,在国际层面解决该贸易纠纷。 在法律适用上,CITT不仅适用加拿大与贸易有关的国内法,同时也转化适用WTO规则。另外,CITT的运行程序不仅有司法审查程序,也有行政审查程序,这是由其半行政、半司法的性质决定的。其行政性主要体现在反倾销、反补贴等案件的调查上,司法性则体现在对贸易政策以及行政裁决的审查上。 CITT并不是传统意义上的司法机构,是具备一定司法功能的准司法机构。身兼行政功能与司法功能是其区别于加拿大国内其他行政或司法机构的根本特征。正是具有这样的特性,CITT可以迅捷并不失公正的审理贸易纠纷案件,恰和当前外贸纠纷案件审理中公正与效率结合的要求。 我国作为世界第三大贸易国,国内的贸易救济机制却相对落后。在国际贸易法治进程中,我国应借鉴CITT的成功经验,建立我国独立的贸易审查与纠纷解决机构,多元化途径解决国际贸易纠纷,促进贸易自由化和贸易法治。
[Abstract]:Canada is the world's largest economy, is the international trade country, its trade volume accounted for almost half of its GDP. The huge trade volume inevitably leads to trade disputes, especially under the background of economic globalization, international trade disputes has become increasingly complex, the obstacle to the development of international trade of Canada. Under this background, in 1988, the Canadian International Trade Tribunal (CITT) as the main Canada came to review the trade policies and resolve trade disputes the independent agency, provided the legal mechanism to solve the trade dispute in Canada, Canada to promote the foreign trade smoothly.
CITT is a set of administrative and judicial independent institutions in one, directly through the Treasury secretary is responsible to the parliament of Canada, not subject to any other administrative organs of the leadership. In jurisdiction, when Canada on trade disputes of administrative adjudication relates to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) members, CITT and NAFTA under the jurisdiction of the jurisdiction is a selective exclusive jurisdiction; when the ruling involved in addition to members of the NAFTA WTO outside of other members, members of the party may bring a lawsuit to CITT domestic enterprises, and also by the member governments directly submit a dispute to WTO, start the WTO dispute settlement mechanism to solve the trade disputes at the international level.
In the application of the law, domestic law Canada trade related not only for CITT, but also into the application of WTO rules. In addition, the CITT program is not only the judicial review procedure also has the administrative review procedures, this is the semi administrative decision. The properties of semi judicial administration is mainly embodied in the anti-dumping. Investigation of anti subsidy cases, justice is reflected in the review of trade policy and administrative adjudication.
The judiciary CITT is not in the traditional sense, is a quasi judicial body with certain judicial functions. Both administrative and judicial functions is the basic characteristics different from other domestic administrative or judicial institutions. It is has such features, CITT can quickly not lose a fair trial of trade disputes, and that the current foreign trade the trial of the cases in the combination of justice and efficiency requirements.
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