清末宪政改革中的民众参与研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 21:11

本文关键词： 清末民众参与宪政改革　出处：《山东大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 清政府的最后十年,是其作为一个统治实体进行垂死挣扎最为激烈的十年,这尤其表现在轰轰烈烈的宪政改革运动中。这一时期,统治阶层之外的民众也以一种前所未有的主动姿态加入到了这一历史潮流中,他们通过各种形式的努力实实在在地影响了清末宪政改革的进程。本文便是以此为视角,深切关怀这一“自下而上”的政治潮流,通过对清末社会历史条件变化的观察、具体历史事件的分析,总结了民众参与宪政改革的形式及成果、作用机制和制度贡献,全面呈现民众参与对于推动清末宪政改革的重要意义。同时,力求在总结经验教训的基础上,为当今宪政建设提供有益的启示。结构上,本文共分四部分展开论述,主要内容摘要介绍如下：第一部分进行概念分析和理论分析。通过这一分析,笔者确定从宪政最本质的概念——建立有限政府、保障公民权利来理解清末宪政的改革。而参与的民众则界定为清政府之外的所有人民群众,包括知识分子、士绅商人、产业工人以及农民等,这最大限度的保证了“自上而下”的变革力量的全面和周延。而对参与式民主理论的引介,目的在于在民众参与和民主理论之间架设桥梁,从而充分认识民众参与对宪政改革和宪政建设的深刻价值。第二部分进行历史条件分析。通过该部分,笔者较为全面地展示了当时清末社会在经济、政治、思想、文化等各个方面的基本情况,认为清末社会的这些变化实际上是为民众参与宪政改革提供了主观上和客观上的条件。第三部分是论文的重点部分,主要分析和评价清末民众参与宪政改革的形式及成果。通过事例列举、数据比较分析等方法对清末民众参加选举、结社集会、舆情、请愿以及地方自治的情况进行了细致的梳理和评述,对各种形式下民众参与之于宪政改革的成果和作用进行了客观的总结,进而显示了民众参与的宪政价值所在。最后结语部分着重概括了清末民众参与宪政改革的历史意义,认为清末民众的一系列政治参与活动启迪了民主的意识、提高了参政的能力,并最终加速了国家权力的重组,为宪政改革和社会形态的转变指明了道路。而在当代中国,民众参与也具有独特的宪政价值,它有利于实现政治文明、社会主义法治以及政府和人民关系的和谐。在此启迪下笔者提出,当代中国的宪政建设应该十分重视民众的力量,以制度化、程序化的要求将民众参与落实到实处。
[Abstract]:The last decade of the Qing government was the fiercest decade of its dying struggle as a ruling entity, especially in the vigorous constitutional reform movement. The people outside the ruling class also joined this historical trend with an unprecedented initiative. They really influenced the process of constitutional reform in the late Qing Dynasty through various kinds of efforts. Deeply concerned about this "bottom-up" political trend, through the observation of the changes in the social and historical conditions of the late Qing Dynasty and the analysis of specific historical events, the forms and results of popular participation in constitutional reform, the mechanism of action and the contribution of the system are summarized, At the same time, on the basis of summing up the experience and lessons, this paper tries to provide useful inspiration for the construction of the constitutionalism today. In the structure, this article is divided into four parts to discuss the significance of public participation in promoting constitutional reform in the late Qing Dynasty. The main points are summarized as follows:. The first part is the conceptual analysis and theoretical analysis. Through this analysis, the author determines that from the most essential concept of constitutionalism-the establishment of limited government, To protect the rights of citizens to understand the constitutional reform of the late Qing Dynasty. The people who participated were defined as all the people outside the Qing government, including intellectuals, gentry and businessmen, industrial workers and peasants, etc. This maximizes the integrity and continuity of the "top-down" forces of change. The introduction of participatory democracy is aimed at building a bridge between popular participation and democratic theory. Thus fully understand the profound value of popular participation in constitutional reform and constitutional construction. The second part is an analysis of the historical conditions. Through this part, the author comprehensively shows the basic situation of the late Qing society in various aspects, such as economy, politics, ideology, culture, etc. These changes in the late Qing Dynasty actually provided subjective and objective conditions for the people to participate in the constitutional reform. The third part is the key part of the paper, which mainly analyzes and evaluates the forms and achievements of the people's participation in constitutional reform in the late Qing Dynasty. The petition and the situation of local autonomy are carefully combed and commented, and the results and functions of popular participation in constitutional reform under various forms are summed up objectively, and then the constitutional value of popular participation is shown. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the historical significance of the people's participation in the constitutional reform in the late Qing Dynasty, and holds that a series of political participation activities of the people in the late Qing Dynasty inspired the democratic consciousness, improved the ability to participate in politics, and finally accelerated the reorganization of state power. It points the way for constitutional reform and social transformation. In contemporary China, popular participation also has a unique constitutional value, which is conducive to the realization of political civilization. The author points out that the constitutional construction of contemporary China should attach great importance to the power of the people, and carry out the participation of the people in practice with the request of institutionalization and procedure.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：DD911;D929

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