清代灾荒救济法制研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 14:29

本文选题：荒政　切入点：清代　出处：《中国政法大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 荒政在我国历史悠久,是封建时期国家行政的一个重要方面。历来研究荒政史和荒政制度的著作有很多,但迄今为止专门研究荒政制度中的法律制度的学术成果寥寥无几。笔者认为对保障各项赈灾救荒措施得以施行的灾荒救济法制,有必要给予足够的重视并加以研究。本文的研究重点是清代灾荒救济法制,之所以选择清代进行研究,概因清代是历代王朝中灾荒救济立法成果最丰富、内容最详备的朝代。清代作为最后一个封建王朝,继承了以往各朝代的荒政立法成就并有所发展,研究清代即可窥见整个中国封建时代荒政立法的特征和面貌。可以说清代各项救灾措施乃至防灾减灾设施的使用管理皆有法可依,如遇灾荒,各级政府和官员仅需按照法律规定的程序和事项展开救灾活动即可。清代灾荒救济法制不仅立法成就高,且在指导清政府的救灾实践中发挥过重大作用。另外一个研究原因是清代乃距今最近的封建王朝,其灾荒救济法律体系中应有一些积极有益的成分,有一些反映救灾客观规律的内容,这些对于仍在遭受灾害侵袭、迫切需要制定一部专门的救灾法的我们而言仍有借鉴意义。而对于这个领域的法律制度,以往无论是经济史学者还是法制史学者都没有给予足够的重视,研究成果既少且浅。笔者希望能通过自己的整理研究,弥补这方面的不足。本文研究对象是清代灾荒救济法律体系及其实效,文章结构分为导言、正文、余论三部分。导言分为三部分,第一部分简要介绍荒政的概念以及本文的研究对象——清代灾荒救济法制的基本情况。第二部分是本文的研究意义,从理论意义和现实意义两个方面阐述进行本文研究的必要。理论意义即尚未有人从法律史的角度研究清代灾荒救济法制,本文希望弥补这个遗憾;现实意义即我国现在需要制定一部专门的救灾法,笔者希望通过研究清代救灾法,给出一些有价值的建议。第三部分是现有研究成果介绍,这部分主要介绍了历史上第一部专门的荒政学著作《救荒活民书》以及近现代以来一些有重要地位和较大影响力的学者的研究成果,并在最后提出,已经有学者关注到了荒政中的法律制度并进行了初步的研究,本文将深化此方面的研究。正文分为四章: 一、灾荒救济法制概念、立法原因和目的。本章首先明确什么是灾荒救济法,其与类似概念如社会救助、社会保障的关系如何。其次考察灾荒救济立法之所以受到重视的原因和立法目的。二、灾荒救济法历史流变及清代灾荒特点与应对。本章简要叙述了我国传统荒政及灾荒救济立法的起源(春秋战国)、形成框架并初步发展(秦汉魏晋南北朝)、较为完备(唐宋)、继续发展达到鼎盛(明清)的历史发展过程,并归纳了清代灾荒的特点及其应对,引出下文。三、清代灾荒救济及御防法律体系。本部分将清代灾荒救济方面的法律规定整理归类为救灾法律体系和防灾减灾法律体系两大部分,然后以各个救灾程序、各项救灾措施和各种防灾减灾办法为分类标准将相关的法律进行了归类整理,指出清代实际上已经形成了完备的救灾法律体系。四、清代荒政书的作用及灾荒救济立法效果。本章首先考察了清代荒政书对于灾荒救济法律的影响和作用,然后在上一章整理归类的基础上具体考察清代灾荒救济法律的实际执行成效,以清代中前期和末期各举一救灾实例加以说明法律执行的效果与政治环境、经济条件是密切相关的。本章还考察了清代官方立法和民间救灾行为的关系以及民间救灾行为表现。余论参古酌今,讨论研究清代灾荒救济法制的现实意义,指出通过研究清代灾荒救济法制,能够得到一些有益的启示,对确定新救灾法的立法原则和立法内容都有所助益。
[Abstract]:The famine in China has a long history, is an important aspect of the national administration in feudal times. There are a lot of research history and has always been the famine famine system works, scanty academic achievements so far devoted to the study of legal system of famine relief system. The author thinks that the protection of the relief measures to be implemented famine relief legal system, it is necessary to give sufficient attention and research.
This study focuses on the famine relief legal system in Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty chose to study, because of the Qing Dynasty is almost every dynasty in famine relief legislation the most abundant achievements, most detailed in Qing Dynasty. As the last feudal dynasty, inherited the previous dynasties, the legislative achievements and development, characteristics and features of the Qing Dynasty you can see the entire Chinese feudal era famine legislation. It can be said that the use of the relief measures and management in disaster prevention and mitigation facilities are there in case of famine, all levels of government and officials only in accordance with the procedure prescribed by the law and started relief activities. Matters of disaster relief legal system in Qing Dynasty not only the legislation of high achievement, and in guiding the practice of clear relief the government has played a major role. Another reason is that the latest research in the Qing Dynasty the feudal dynasty, the famine relief legal system should have a Some beneficial ingredients, some reflect the objective laws of the relief, these are still suffering disasters, the urgent need to establish a special law relief for us is still of great significance. In the field of legal system, whether it is past economic history or legal history scholars have not paid enough attention and the research results are both small and shallow. The author hopes that through the study of their own, make up for this deficiency.
The object of this paper is the legal system and its actual effect of the relief of disaster in the Qing Dynasty. The structure of this article is divided into the introduction, the body and the part of Yu Lunsan.
The introduction is divided into three parts, the first part briefly introduces the basic concept and the research object of this paper -- the Qing Dynasty famine relief legal system. The second part is the significance of this study, this paper describes the necessary research from two aspects of theoretical and practical significance. The significance that no one from the perspective of the legal history of the Qing Dynasty famine relief law theory, this paper hopes to make up for this regret; practical significance that China now needs to develop a special relief method, the author hopes that the research of disaster relief law in Qing Dynasty, gives some valuable suggestions. The third part is the introduction of the existing research results, this part mainly introduced the first special famine history books. For people living in the modern book and some important and influential scholars research achievements, and at the end of the paper, some scholars have paid attention to the shortage The legal system in the government has been studied and a preliminary study is carried out. This paper will deepen the research in this area.
The text is divided into four chapters.
First, the concept, reasons and purposes of famine relief legislation. First of all, what is the relationship between famine relief law and similar concepts, such as social assistance and social security?
Two, the famine relief law history and characteristics of Qing Dynasty famine and response. This chapter briefly describes the origins of China's traditional policy and famine relief legislation (spring and Autumn), the formation of the framework and preliminary development (Qin Han Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties), complete (up to continue the development of the Tang and Song dynasties), peak (Ming) historical development process and summarizes the characteristics of the Qing Dynasty, famine and coping, leads to the following.
Three, the Qing Dynasty disaster relief and the defense legal system. This will be part of the Qing Dynasty famine relief of the law were classified into the legal system of the legal system of disaster prevention and disaster relief in two parts, and then to various disaster relief program, the relief measures and measures for disaster prevention and mitigation of various classification standards related laws were classified, pointed out in the Qing Dynasty in fact, has formed a complete legal relief system.
Four, and the famine relief legislation of Qing Dynasty famine books. This chapter firstly inspects the Qing Dynasty famine famine relief legal book for the influence and role, then classified in the last chapter the specific effects of actual performance in Qing Dynasty, famine relief law, to illustrate the effect of law enforcement and the political environment in the early and middle Qing Dynasty and at the end of a disaster as an example, the economic conditions are closely related. This chapter also explores the relationship between Qing government legislation and civil relief act and civil relief act.
I want to discuss the practical significance of the famine relief law in Qing Dynasty, pointing out that by studying the famine relief law in Qing Dynasty, we can get some useful inspiration, and help to identify the legislative principles and legislative contents of the new disaster relief law.

【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D929

【引证文献】