中国巡回审判史述论

发布时间：2018-04-09 08:11

本文选题：制度　切入点：巡回审判　出处：《华东政法大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 巡回审判在世界上有着悠久的历史。我国的巡回审判与西方相比,在法学理论和司法实践中都存在着显著的差异。我国的巡回审判始于1925年的广州国民政府时期,普遍适用于革命根据地政权。与英美的巡回审判制度所不同的是,其在我国并非王权扩张的产物,而是特殊时情下的必要选择。自1925年在我国试行以来,巡回审判历经了多次司法改革。最高人民法院于2005年重提推行巡回审判之后,巡回审判进入了一个全面恢复和发展阶段。本文以时间为线索,较为系统地介绍了我国巡回审判的发展历程,对其功能及合理性进行分析,并就巡回审判的一些关键问题提出了自己的构想,以期能对该项审判制度的完善尽到绵薄之力。全文除导言和结语外,分为三个部分: 第一部分阐述了巡回审判的形成。首先介绍了巡回审判在世界上的起源即在英国的形成及在美国的发展状况。其次论述了在我国的形成,主要包括广东国民政府和革命根据地两个部分,并对其成因进行了简单分析。在革命根据地部分还较为详细介绍了对当时和今后司法工作均有较大影响的“马锡五审判方式”。第二部分介绍了巡回审判在中华人民共和国建国后的发展情况,主要分为三个阶段:恢复期(1949.10～1958.3)、动荡期(1958.3～1979.7)和复兴期(1979.7～)。并结合笔者对上海市杨浦区人民法院的调研情况,从设立动因、主要做法和工作成效三方面介绍了该法院“社区巡回法庭”的实践情况。第三部分主要分析巡回审判的功能及合理性,并对巡回审判提出了一些构想意见,如巡回审判的定性问题、适用等级、巡回法庭的定位问题。笔者将巡回审判的功能归纳为:便利民众诉讼,有效减轻诉累;指导人民调解,促进矛盾化解;扩大法制宣传,维护社会稳定;节约司法成本,优化资源配置。从理论基础、地理因素、人文因素、政治因素四个方面作了合理性分析。中国的司法改革任重道远,我们必须针对现存的具体问题和客观需求来进行司法改革,而不是按照某种法治或司法制度的理念来改造我国的司法制度和法官体制。唯有如此,我们的司法改革才是科学的、可行的和成功的。
[Abstract]:The circuit trial has a long history in the world.Compared with the western countries, there are significant differences in the theory of law and judicial practice in our country.The itinerant trial in our country began in 1925 in the period of Guangzhou National Government and was generally applicable to the regime in the revolutionary base area.Different from the touring trial system in Britain and America, it is not the product of Wang Quan's expansion in China, but a necessary choice under special circumstances.Since the trial in our country in 1925, the circuit trial has gone through many judicial reforms.After the Supreme people's Court reintroduced the circuit trial in 2005, the circuit trial entered a comprehensive recovery and development stage.Based on the clue of time, this paper systematically introduces the development course of our country's circuit trial, analyzes its function and rationality, and puts forward its own conception on some key problems of the circuit trial.With a view to the perfection of the trial system to a modest force.In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into three parts:The first part expounds the formation of the circuit trial.First of all, it introduces the origin of circuit trial in the world, that is, the formation in Britain and the development in the United States.Secondly, it discusses the formation in our country, including Guangdong National Government and revolutionary base area, and analyzes its cause of formation.In the part of the revolutionary base area, Ma Xiwu trial method, which had great influence on the judicial work at that time and in the future, was also introduced in detail.The second part introduces the development of the circuit trial after the founding of the people's Republic of China, which is divided into three stages: recovery period (1949.10 / 1958.3), turbulent period (1958.3 / 1979.7) and revival period (1979.7).Combined with the author's investigation of the Yangpu District people's Court in Shanghai, the author introduces the practice of the Court's "Community Circuit Court" from three aspects: the motive, the main method and the work effect.The third part mainly analyzes the function and rationality of the circuit trial, and puts forward some ideas to the circuit trial, such as the qualitative problem of the circuit trial, the applicable grade, and the positioning of the circuit court.The author summarizes the functions of the circuit trial as: to facilitate public litigation, effectively reduce the burden of litigation; guide the people to mediate, promote the resolution of contradictions; expand legal publicity, maintain social stability; save judicial costs, optimize the allocation of resources.The rationality analysis is made from four aspects: theoretical basis, geographical factor, humanistic factor and political factor.China's judicial reform has a long way to go. We must carry out judicial reform in accordance with the existing concrete problems and objective needs, rather than reform our judicial system and judge system according to some concept of the rule of law or judicial system.Only in this way, our judicial reform is scientific, feasible and successful.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D929;D926.2

【引证文献】