代孕的伦理问题及评价

发布时间：2018-04-10 04:15

本文选题：代孕　切入点：伦理价值　出处：《广州中医药大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 代孕对人类原有的社会伦理观念产生了巨大的冲击,以社会的伦理界限为尺度,建立完善的法制体系加以调控,使代孕技术更多的发挥其积极作用,避免其消极作用,是当今生命法学研究的难点与重点问题。本文通过揭示代孕与传统伦理的冲突,运用伦理的协调规范功能,力图找到社会能够容纳代孕的平衡点,并探讨了代孕伦理价值评价体系的构建,从伦理方面规范代孕行为,从而促使该项技术健康发展。本论文内容主要由四部分组成：第一部分主要介绍了代孕的现状和发展。首先对代孕的概念、分类进行了界定,并概述了目前国内外的代孕现状及发展趋势。第二部分分析了代孕与传统生命生殖思想观念的矛盾及引发的社会伦理问题。第三部分分析了代孕的价值。第四部分对代孕的伦理争议做了分析并在此基础上提出代孕伦理价值评价体的构建。本文主要创新观点在第三、第四部分。第三部分分别从自由、正义和人权的角度对代孕行为的合理性进行了论证。笔者认为自由是关于人的存在的最根本理念,一个有自由的社会,首先就在于作为其成员的每一个公民拥有自由。公民究竟选择何种生殖方式,这是公民个人的自由选择权利。代孕尽管有其特殊性,但是鉴于其是一种特殊的生殖方式,就公民个人由于一些特殊理由而自愿选择这种生命生殖方式时,并不能说这种权利本身不能成立,也不能说这种权利的行使要求完全不合理。同时,笔者也认为正义是个范围很广的概念,存在着多种正义而不是一种正义。正义不仅是目的的正义,而且也包括手段的正义。代孕不是人们追求的目的,而是人们用来达到目的的手段,从这个角度讲,代孕是一种“手段正义”,一种“外在正义”。另外,人权是人们的基本权利,是每个人都享有的,生育权是人权的一种,没有生育能力并不意味着没有生育权,生育权的内容之一即为生育方式的选择权,不孕夫妇既然享有生育权,那么他们就有权以代孕方式生育。文章的第四部分对代孕的伦理争议进行了分析,认为争议的实质是现代技术与伦理道德的冲突。在现代社会,伦理的功能在于提供一种行为的依据。但生命领域内所凸显的伦理问题是纷繁复杂的,因为它们涉及到多种价值,而且不同的价值之间可能会有矛盾和冲突。笔者认为在评价生命伦理的时候,自由是首要的原则,其次是公平正义。在这两个基本原则下,按照不同的情况可以衍生出其他的原则。具体到代孕的评价上,具体可分为行善原则、自主和尊重原则、公正和不伤害原则、有限使用原则和非商业化原则。
[Abstract]:Surrogacy has had a great impact on the original social ethics concept of mankind. Taking the social ethical boundary as the yardstick, we should establish a perfect legal system to regulate it, so that surrogacy technology can play a more active role and avoid its negative role.It is a difficult and important problem in the study of life law.By revealing the conflict between surrogacy and traditional ethics, using the harmonious and normative function of ethics, this paper tries to find out the balance point that the society can accommodate surrogacy, and probes into the construction of the evaluation system of ethics value of surrogacy, and standardizes the surrogacy behavior from the ethics aspect.In order to promote the healthy development of the technology.This thesis consists of four parts: the first part mainly introduces the present situation and development of surrogacy.Firstly, the concept and classification of surrogacy are defined, and the present situation and development trend of surrogacy at home and abroad are summarized.The second part analyzes the contradiction between surrogacy and traditional life and reproduction ideas and the social ethical problems.The third part analyzes the value of surrogate pregnancy.The fourth part analyzes the ethics dispute of surrogacy and puts forward the construction of ethical value evaluation body of surrogate pregnancy.The main innovative viewpoints of this paper are in the third and fourth parts.The third part demonstrates the rationality of surrogacy from the angle of freedom, justice and human rights.The author holds that freedom is the most fundamental idea about the existence of human beings. A free society lies first in the freedom of every citizen who is a member of it.It is the individual's right to choose what kind of reproduction way citizens choose.In spite of its particularity, surrogacy, in view of its special reproductive nature, cannot be said to be untenable in itself when individual citizens voluntarily choose this mode of life and reproduction for special reasons,Nor can it be said that the exercise of this right is totally unreasonable.At the same time, I also think that justice is a broad concept, there are a variety of justice rather than a kind of justice.Justice is not only the justice of the end, but also the justice of the means.Surrogate pregnancy is not the aim that people pursue, but the means that people use to reach the end. From this angle, surrogate pregnancy is a kind of "means justice", a kind of "external justice".In addition, human rights are the basic rights of people and are enjoyed by everyone. Reproductive rights are a kind of human rights. Having no reproductive capacity does not mean that there is no reproductive right. One of the contents of reproductive rights is the choice of the way of reproduction.Since infertile couples have the right to bear children, they have the right to surrogate pregnancy.The fourth part analyzes the ethics dispute of surrogacy and thinks that the essence of the dispute is the conflict between modern technology and ethics.In modern society, the function of ethics is to provide a basis for behavior.However, the ethical problems in the field of life are complicated, because they involve a variety of values, and there may be contradictions and conflicts between different values.The author thinks that when evaluating bioethics, freedom is the first principle, followed by fairness and justice.In these two basic principles, according to different circumstances can be derived from other principles.On the evaluation of surrogate pregnancy, it can be divided into the principle of doing good, the principle of autonomy and respect, the principle of justice and no harm, the principle of limited use and the principle of non-commercialization.
【学位授予单位】：广州中医药大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D90-05

【引证文献】