英国刑法一般辩护事由研究

发布时间：2018-05-22 13:31

本文选题：英国刑法 + 辩护事由　；参考：《吉林大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：英国刑法一般辩护事由是指当行为具有刑法要求的犯罪本体要件的外在特征时为什么不负刑事责任的理由，它在英国刑法中具有极其重要的地位，是犯罪构成理论的核心，是刑事责任的中枢，是联结刑事法律的纽带。本文通过比较的、历史的、类型化的方法，以从外向内的视野中聚焦、采撷刑事实体法、程序法、证据法中与一般辩护事由相关的要素，再以从内向外的路径中探寻和提练一般辩护事由与刑事法律关联的要素等，进而理出蕴含在英国刑法一般辩护事由中内在的价值、功能、规范、承继体系。我国刑法没有一般辩护事由的概念，并且在我国刑法学研究中，系统研究英国刑法一般辩护事由的成果也不多见。本文集中搜集和阅读了相关的著作与译著，从中进行了提炼和发掘，是对英国刑法一般辩护事由功能的总结概括。本文的成果性目标是：将英国刑法一般辩护事由的功能要素进行了集结，揭示了一般辩护事由功能所蕴含的特征、价值、要素，它是英国刑法的基因和灵魂，它在协调刑事法律关系、考量犯罪构成、平衡刑事责任中发挥着重要的作用。一般辩护事由的功能反映出英国刑法的特色，其蕴含的价值理念与运行模式为我国刑事法律所欠缺，是研究、完善我国刑事法律足可借鉴的范式。一般辩护事由体现了英国刑法的基本原则和适法规则：它是法理学、法秩序、法意图的诸多价值理念的容器，是协调衡平立法、保障无辜、克制刑罚的刑事法律关系载体，是将立法意图、人文精神融入到责难犯罪与宽容行为人的司法适法实践的对立统一体，它保障英国刑法所维护的道德原则、公共利益、程序正义得到贯彻。一般辩护事由在犯罪构成中发挥着特殊的评判功能：它在犯罪构成中既处于上位层次（第二层模式），又贯穿于追诉犯罪的全程之中，它与犯罪行为、犯罪意图互为条件，既相互依赖又相互制约。一般辩护事由在犯罪构成中发挥了否定、平衡、修正的功能，引领着英国刑法在刑事诉讼程序中合理、准确地适用。一般辩护事由主导着刑事法律的整体联动关系：它将自身所蕴含的刑事实体法要素（包括其基本类型、刑事责任以及相关的免除、减轻、处置犯罪行为人的刑事处罚和其他处理方式），，紧密地输入到刑事诉讼程序、刑事证据规则的运作中，使程序正义、证明责任、排除合理怀疑等司法原则同法律职业共同体的司法智慧融为一体，保障了犯罪行为人的实体权利和程序权利。一般辩护事由是在英国深厚的民族法律文化的基础上积淀的，它源于英国法律学术的传统精神、学术精品、职业精英的有机融合，源于人文传承中的理性化、人性化和社会化的紧密融合，源于秩序传承中的良法、良知与良技的结构整合。一般辩护事由作为英国刑法的“局部”，关联着英国刑事法治的“全局”，在保障英吉利民族法治建设和国家发展的过程中发挥着重要作用。英国法是源远流长的法律，从诺曼征服时起算，至今已有了九百四十八年的历史。一般辩护事由具有独特的价值特色和结构，为我国刑事法律所欠缺，是研究、完善我国刑事法律足可借鉴的价值规范。我中华法系虽有几千年经历，但建国前业已断代，当代中国刑法典自1979年问世以来刚过“而立之年”。近年来，我国刑法学界所倡导的重构犯罪构成理论、践行刑事一体化、打造法律职业共同体、建立刑事判例制度等学术主张和司法改革建议，亦与一般辩护事由所蕴含的价值观念、司法经验相契合。当中国全面进入世界各个领域包括法治视界的时候，国人必须具有全球化的思维方式，并且中国确立了依法治国的宪法原则，保障人权成为中国依法治国的重要内容和原则，在这种背景下，研究英国刑法一般辩护事由则具有积极的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The general defense of the British criminal law is the reason why the criminal responsibility is not responsible when the act has the external characteristics of the essential elements of the criminal law required by the criminal law. It has an extremely important position in the British criminal law. It is the core of the theory of the constitution of the crime, the center of the criminal responsibility and the link of the criminal law. The type of historical, typed method, which focuses on the outgoing vision, extracts the elements related to the general defense in the criminal entity law, the procedural law, and the evidence law, and then explores and exercises the elements associated with the criminal law from the inside and outside paths, and then puts forward the implication in the general defence of the British criminal law. In the value, function, norm, inherit system.
There is no concept of general defense in China's criminal law, and in the study of criminal law in China, the results of the systematic research on the general defense of the British criminal law are rare. This article concentrates on collecting and reading related works and translations, abstracting and excavating from it, which is a summary of the function of the general defense of the British criminal law. The achievement goal is to gather the functional elements of the general defense of the British criminal law and reveal the characteristics, values and elements of the function of the general defense. It is the gene and soul of the British criminal law. It plays an important role in coordinating the criminal legal relations, considering the constitution of the crime, and the balance of criminal responsibility. The function reflects the characteristics of the British criminal law. Its value concept and operation mode are lacking in the criminal law of our country. It is a paradigm for studying and perfecting the criminal law of our country.
The general defense reflects the basic principles and the rules of the law of the British criminal law. It is the container of many values of jurisprudence, law order and legal picture. It is the carrier of the criminal law relation to coordinate the equitable legislation, guarantee the innocence and control the penalty, and it is the judicial fit of the criminal and the tolerant person with the legislative intent and the humanistic spirit. The unity of opposites in practice guarantees the moral principles, public interests and procedural justice maintained in the English criminal law.
The general defense plays a special evaluation function in the constitution of the crime: it is both in the upper level (second layers mode) and through the whole course of the prosecution of crime. It is mutually dependent on the criminal intent and the criminal intent, which is mutually dependent and mutually restrictive. The function of correction, leading the British criminal law in the criminal proceedings reasonable and accurate application.
The general defense causes the overall linkage of the criminal law: it contains the elements of the criminal substantive law (including its basic types, criminal responsibility and related exemptions, mitigation, the disposition of criminal penalties and other ways of dealing with the perpetrator), and close to the criminal procedure and the operation of the criminal evidence rules. The judicial principles, such as procedural justice, burden of proof, and reasonable doubt, are integrated with the judicial wisdom of the legal profession community, and the entity rights and procedural rights of the perpetrator are guaranteed.
The general defense has been accumulated on the basis of the profound national legal culture of the United Kingdom. It originates from the traditional spirit of the British legal scholarship. The organic integration of the academic quality and the professional elite is derived from the rationalization of the human heritage and the close integration of humanization and socialization. It is derived from the good law in the succession of rank order, and the integration of the structure of conscience and good technology. As the "part" of the British criminal law, the defense incident is related to the "overall situation" of the rule of law in the British criminal law and plays an important role in the process of guaranteeing the construction of the rule of law and the development of the country.
The law of England is a long history law. It has been nine hundred and forty-eight years since the conquest of Norman. The general defense has its unique value and structure, which is lacking in the criminal law of our country. It is the study and the standard of value that can be used for reference in the criminal law of our country. In recent years, the theory of reconstruction of criminal constitution, the practice of criminal integration, the establishment of a legal profession community, the establishment of a criminal case system and some suggestions on the reform of the judicature have also been made in recent years. When China fully enters all fields of the world, including the rule of law, the Chinese must have a globalized way of thinking, and China has established the constitutional principle of governing the country according to law, guaranteeing human rights as an important content and the original rule of the rule of law in China. Under this background, the general defence of the British criminal law is to be studied. The cause of the matter has a positive reference.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D956.1;DD914

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