法律教令化：清律与专制统治的互动

发布时间：2018-05-22 13:33

本文选题：法律教令化 + 礼法　；参考：《郑州大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文从三个部分阐释清律与统治正当性的命题：第一部分,首先,界定法律教令化,认为父祖教令由于国家的认可而在一定意义上获得了法律的效力,家国同构下的法律则在一定的意义上也行使着教令的职能。以法律命令说、法律道德化与道德法律化以及中国传统法中的礼法关系及其研究为背景,引出该命题的意义和目的。然后,重点从“法律的逻辑起点在于社会的礼教化运作模式”、“法律承认人的在德智等方面的不平等,并以此为据划分阶级”以及与西方私法自治传统比较下的清律的“功用并不在于为人们自由安排生活设定一个行为模式”三个角度来说明法律教令化的表现。第二部分,法律教令化的政治基础在于政治运作模式的礼教化。这种政治模式以天命、道统为正当性来源,并通过教化宣示正当性,清律则是清代统治阶层宣示教化的方式之一。君主最高权威的正当性便来自于祖宗之德荫下而获得的教化风俗的权力。祖宗之德论证着权力来源上的合法性,对祖宗之德效仿的决心证明着权力现实上的合法性,息争化俗则论证着权力目的上的合法性。将包括司法在内的所有国家活动划归为国家行政的一环便是其逻辑的必然。第三部分,着重阐释提出法律教令化命题的目的：在等级社会里,法律保障了不平等社会秩序的实现,专制政治所维系的不平等秩序本身的正当性则需要进一步的论证。行政的礼教化化运作为法律教令化提供了政治基础,使法律获得了社会认可的正当性,而法律的教令化反过来又论证着专制统治的正当性。立法权的获得、法律的继承性、具文的宣示效力、祖宗之制的神圣效力以及法律的起源等方面都证明着政治的正当性。社会学研究进路的共识理论与清代国家精英和民众对社会的观察方式有着一定的契合,依此思路,可以认为,教令化的法律正是一种内在强制力与外在强制力的结合,由“理”而获得了“力”。总之,社会统治的正当性建立在一套温和的家族伦理情感之上,这种统治维护了法律的正当性,而法律的教令化又反过来,进一步的论证着统治的正当性,统治秩序在一套完整的逻辑体系下顺利的运作。
[Abstract]:This paper explains the proposition of the law of Qing Dynasty and the legitimacy of rule from three parts: The first part, firstly, defines the legal order, and thinks that the father's ancestral order has obtained the legal effect in a certain sense because of the approval of the country, and the law under the same structure of the family country is also exercising the function of the teaching order in a certain sense. The significance and purpose of this proposition are derived from the view of legal order, legal moralization and moral legalization, as well as the relationship and research of etiquette and law in Chinese traditional law. Then, from the point of view of "the logical starting point of law lies in the mode of social propriety and enlightenment" and "the law recognizes the inequality of human beings in such aspects as morality and wisdom," The function of the Qing law in comparison with the western tradition of private autonomy is not to set up a behavior mode for people to arrange their lives freely. The second part, the political foundation of legal instruction is the politeness of political operation mode. This kind of political pattern takes the destiny, the Taoism as the legitimate source, and declares the legitimacy through the enlightenment, the Qing rule is one of the ways of the Qing Dynasty ruling class to declare the enlightenment. The legitimacy of the sovereign's supreme authority comes from the power of enlightenment in the shadow of the ancestors. The morality of ancestors demonstrates the legitimacy of the source of power, the determination of emulation of morality of ancestors proves the legitimacy of power in reality, and the legitimacy of the purpose of power is demonstrated. The logic is to classify all state activities, including justice, as part of state administration. The third part focuses on the purpose of putting forward the proposition of legal instruction: in the hierarchical society, the law guarantees the realization of unequal social order, and the legitimacy of the unequal order maintained by autocratic politics needs further demonstration. The operation of the administrative ritual education provides the political basis for the legal teaching order, which makes the law obtain the legitimacy of the social recognition, and the law teaching order in turn proves the legitimacy of the autocratic rule. The acquisition of legislative power, the inheritance of the law, the proclamation of the text, the sacred effect of the ancestral system and the origin of the law all prove the legitimacy of politics. The consensus theory of sociological research approach has a certain agreement with the state elite and the public's observation of society in Qing Dynasty. According to this way of thinking, we can think that the law of teaching order is just a combination of internal and external coercive force. From "reason" and gain "force". In short, the legitimacy of social rule is based on a set of mild family ethical feelings, which maintains the legitimacy of the law, which in turn further demonstrates the legitimacy of the rule. The ruling order operates smoothly under a complete logical system.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D929

【参考文献】