英国遗嘱信托制度法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 09:37

本文选题：信托 + 遗嘱信托　；参考：《辽宁大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：遗嘱信托是通过遗嘱方式设立的信托，它与以契约方式设立的信托相区别。通过遗嘱的形式设立信托而对身后财产做出理想的安排，使遗嘱信托成为最具魅力的财产管理方式。本文以遗嘱信托最为发达的英国为背景出发，从遗嘱信托的基本理论、遗嘱信托主体、遗嘱信托客体三个方面入手，分别对一些重要而特征鲜明的法律问题进行研究，以期对我国移植和构建完备的遗嘱信托提供启发和借鉴。本文共分三部分。第一部分，，对遗嘱信托基本法律问题进行概括分析，包括遗嘱信托的起源和发展，遗嘱信托的法律特征，遗嘱信托的功能。遗嘱信托的起源很难与信托的起源严格区分。遗嘱信托是信托的一个子类型，除了具有自身特有之处，也有信托的一般法律特征。遗嘱信托的功能符合现代人对财产保值增值的要求，是信托制度灵活和富有弹性的重要体现。第二部分，对英国遗嘱信托的主体进行研究。信托法律关系当事人中，委托人、受托人、受益人是最重要的三个角色。英国信托法实践对这三个主体的权利义务科学配置是信托良好运行的基础，本文对其主要的权利义务进行归纳和分析，以期取其精华。第三部分，对英国遗嘱信托的客体进行研究。信托客体，即信托财产，它集中了信托这一财产管理制度特色之所在。信托财产的独立性和同一性是信托运行的核心。识别信托财产所有权归属对于保证信托有效进行并且在信托利益被违反时提供救济是十分必要的。第四部分，指出中国遗嘱信托法律规定的不完善之处。对应本文前三部分的内容，首先在中国遗嘱信托的价值和功能的重新定位上提出建议，其次指出中国遗嘱信托法律关系主体权责不对称之处，最后分析了遗嘱信托财产所有权的真正归属并提出建议。遗嘱信托是以家庭财富的管理、传承和保护为目的，实现财产跨代传承和保值增值。得利于受人之托、代人理财的信托理念，遗嘱信托法律制度在财富管理上具有诸多优势。目前中国遗嘱信托的需求范围不断扩大，学习研究英国先进的法律制度构造对我国当前具有重大的实践价值和指导意义。
[Abstract]:Testamentary trust is a trust established by will, which is different from trust established by contract. By establishing trust in the form of will and making ideal arrangement of the property behind, the testamentary trust becomes the most attractive way of property management. Based on the background of England, where testamentary trust is the most developed country, starting with the basic theory of testamentary trust, the subject of testamentary trust and the object of testamentary trust, this paper studies some important and distinctive legal problems. In order to transplant and build a complete testamentary trust to provide inspiration and reference. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part analyzes the basic legal problems of testamentary trust, including the origin and development of testamentary trust, the legal characteristics of testamentary trust and the function of testamentary trust. It is difficult to distinguish the origin of testamentary trust from that of trust. Testamentary trust is a subtype of trust, which not only has its own unique features, but also has the general legal characteristics of trust. The function of testamentary trust accords with the requirement of property preservation and increment, and it is an important embodiment of the flexibility and flexibility of trust system. The second part studies the subject of testamentary trust in England. The trustor and beneficiary are the three most important roles in the trust legal relationship. The scientific allocation of the rights and obligations of the three subjects is the basis of the good operation of the trust in the practice of the British Trust Law. This paper sums up and analyzes its main rights and obligations in order to extract its essence. The third part studies the object of testamentary trust in England. The object of trust, that is, trust property, focuses on the characteristics of the property management system. The independence and identity of trust property are the core of trust operation. It is necessary to identify the ownership of the trust property in order to guarantee the trust to be effective and to provide relief if the trust interests are violated. The fourth part points out the imperfections of the law of testamentary trust in China. Corresponding to the contents of the first three parts of this paper, the author first puts forward some suggestions on the reorientation of the value and function of the testamentary trust in China, and then points out the asymmetry of the rights and responsibilities of the subject in the legal relationship of the testamentary trust in China. Finally, it analyzes the real ownership of testamentary trust property and puts forward some suggestions. Testamentary trust aims at the management, inheritance and protection of family wealth. The legal system of testamentary trust has many advantages in wealth management. At present, the scope of the demand for testamentary trust in China is expanding, so it is of great practical value and guiding significance to study and study the advanced legal system structure in Britain.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D956.1

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