欧盟对外制裁制度的法律解析——从《罗马条约》到《里斯本条约》

发布时间：2018-05-27 16:00

本文选题：欧盟制裁 + 法律依据　；参考：《欧洲研究》2013年03期

【摘要】：通过对基础条约的扩大解释以及在修改条约时增设授权条款等方式,欧盟逐步取代其成员国成为对外发起制裁的主体,制裁作为一项消极措施目前已成为欧盟外交不可或缺的政策工具。鉴于条约对欧盟的明确授权,欧盟成员国已无权在联盟框架以外分散实施制裁,除非在联盟层面无法达成政治共识。在制裁制度转向"聪明制裁"之后,《里斯本条约》关于司法审查的新规定加强了对受制裁影响的个人基本权利的保护。同时,欧洲法院在Kadi案判决中亦强调,欧盟的制裁行动包括执行安理会决议的制裁都必须遵守保护基本人权等以欧盟价值观为基础的欧盟一般法律原则,这表明欧盟的对外制裁不仅需要体现欧盟身份和欧盟立场,而且还必须彰显欧盟的基本价值观。
[Abstract]:Through an expanded interpretation of the underlying treaty and the addition of enabling clauses when amending the treaty, the European Union has gradually replaced its member States as the subject of external sanctions. Sanctions, as a negative measure, have become an indispensable policy tool in EU diplomacy. Given the treaty's clear mandate to the EU, EU member states no longer have the right to impose sanctions outside the union framework, unless there is no political consensus at the union level. After the sanctions regime shifted to "smart sanctions", the Lisbon Treaty's new provisions on judicial review strengthened the protection of the fundamental rights of individuals affected by sanctions. At the same time, the European Court of Justice, in its judgment in the Kadi case, also stressed that EU sanctions, including sanctions in implementing Security Council resolutions, must abide by EU general legal principles, such as the protection of fundamental human rights, which are based on EU values. This suggests that EU sanctions need to reflect not only EU identity and EU positions, but also EU fundamental values.
【作者单位】：苏州大学王健法学院;
【基金】：2012年国家社科基金青年项目“外国公法在国际私法中的运用研究”的阶段性成果,项目批准号12CFX107
【分类号】：D95

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