法律适用中的类比推理研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 16:27

本文选题：类比推理 + 法律适用　；参考：《中国政法大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 类比推理是一种推理方法,也是法律适用的一种技术,无论在大陆法系还是英美法系的法律适用过程中,都显得非常重要。一方面,类比推理能满足了人们追求“相同案件相同处理”的正义需求,是实现“实质法治”的好途径;另一方面,类比推理也为司法实践当中疑难案件之解决提供了方法上的支持。但是,由于类比推理缺乏一个足够科学的、客观的理论基础,过度地依赖于直觉,因此也存在一定的缺陷和发展空间。故此,对类比推理的研究具有十分重要的意义。然而,目前学界对类比推理的研究却缺乏系统性,本文在现有研究成果的基础上,在法学方法论的框架之下,对相关的理论进行梳理和补充,以期达到对类比推理有一个较为系统的认识目标。本文共分为四章: 第一章主要从类比推理的基本概念及逻辑结构、类比推理的性质及特征以及类比推理在法律推理中的重要意义三个维度介绍类比推理的基本原理。第二章以比较研究的方法,从两大法系中类比推理应用的差别入手,分析在形式差别的背后掩藏的相同实质性因素,得出类比推理在法律适用过程中应用的基本原理具有一致性的判断。第三章着重介绍类比推理适用的一般性规则,又分为适用情形与适用依据两部:适用情形——依照法学方法理论体系,将类比推理的应用具体划分为三种情形,即法律解释中的类比推理、漏洞填补中的类比推理以及超越法律的续造中的类比推理,分别论述各种情形下的适用规则及形式,突出比较其相异之处;适用依据——关注类比推理的核心理论,即相似性问题,重点讨论了相似性的定义、判定标准等问题。第四章着眼于部门法学,论述类比推理在公法与私法领域中应用的特殊规则。通过此四章对类比推理相关理论之梳理,最终得出可行的类比推理适用规则,以期为类比推理在司法实践当中的运用提供理论支持。
[Abstract]:Analogical reasoning is not only a method of reasoning, but also a technique of law application, which is very important in the process of law application in civil law system and common law system. On the one hand, analogical reasoning can satisfy the demand of justice that people pursue "the same treatment of the same case", which is a good way to realize the "substantial rule of law"; on the other hand, Analogical reasoning also provides method support for the solution of difficult cases in judicial practice. However, due to the lack of a scientific and objective theoretical basis and over-reliance on intuition, analogical reasoning also has certain defects and development space. Therefore, the study of analogical reasoning is of great significance. However, the current academic research on analogical reasoning is lack of systematization. On the basis of the existing research results and under the framework of legal methodology, this paper combs and complements the relevant theories. In order to achieve the analogical reasoning has a more systematic understanding of the goal. This paper is divided into four chapters: The first chapter mainly introduces the basic principles of analogical reasoning from three aspects: the basic concept and logical structure of analogical reasoning, the nature and characteristics of analogical reasoning and the significance of analogical reasoning in legal reasoning. The second chapter, by means of comparative study, starts with the differences in the application of analogical reasoning in the two legal systems, and analyzes the same substantive factors hidden behind the differences in form. It is concluded that the basic principles of analogical reasoning applied in the application of law have consistent judgment. The third chapter mainly introduces the general rules of the application of analogical reasoning, which is divided into two parts: the applicable situation and the applicable basis: according to the theoretical system of legal method, the application of analogical reasoning is divided into three specific cases. Namely the analogical reasoning in the legal interpretation, the analogical reasoning in the loophole filling and the analogy reasoning in the continuation beyond the law, which respectively discusses the applicable rules and forms under various circumstances, and highlights the differences between them. This paper focuses on the definition and criterion of similarity, which is the core theory of analogical reasoning. Chapter four discusses the special rules of analogical reasoning in the field of public and private law. By combing the relevant theories of analogical reasoning in these four chapters, a feasible applicable rule of analogical reasoning is obtained in order to provide theoretical support for the application of analogical reasoning in judicial practice.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D90-051

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