网络空间的法理分析

发布时间：2018-06-02 10:09

本文选题：网络空间 + 法律关系　；参考：《西南政法大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】：人类历史上每一种关键性技术的突破,通常都会导致人类的生活方式甚至基本社会结构的转型,从而开拓新的生存空间,形成新的生活经验和社会规则。21世纪以来兴起的网络技术以其迅捷的速度和巨大的力量席卷全球,一个由网址和密码组成的虚拟但客观存在的世界形成了——网络空间(Cyberspace)开始崛起。作为一种新型开放的社会场域,网络空间逐渐改变着人类的生存方式、经济模式、政治结构和社会生活,更是对现实社会的法律理论和制度产生了前所未有的冲击和影响。网络空间到底为现实社会的法律带来怎样的挑战?网络空间在法律意义上的属性为何?网络空间如何重构现实社会的法律理论?网络空间蕴含了怎样的法律价值?是否需要一门分支学问来专门研究和探讨网络空间的法律基本问题?这一切,都值得法学研究者深入的思索和积极的探讨。在理论上厘清这些根本性的问题,有助于人们对网络空间的法律保持清醒的头脑,能对当前的网络立法提供全局性的理论指导,能为具体网络法律问题的研究提供根本的理论立足点。而这样根本性的研究由任何一个部门法学来回答都是有失偏颇的,唯有对网络空间进行法理的分析,才能做出真正有效的回应。论文共分五个部分。引言主要围绕本文研究的缘起、选题意义、学术简评以及研究方法及创新展开论述。如何理解网络空间对现实社会的法律产生的重大影响,这是本文研究的诱因。试图有效避免因理论的缺乏而在网络法律的实践和研究中产生的无奈与尴尬,是研究进一步深入的动力来源。网络空间的法理分析具有非常重要的理论意义和实践意义。就理论意义而言,对网络空问进行法律意义上的理论概括和反思,可以帮助人们从不同视角认识和理解网络空间,可以促进法理学研究领域的开拓和研究范式的变革,可以促成一门新兴的分支学科——“网络法理学”的兴起与建立。就实践意义而言,展开网络空间的法理分析能有效指导中国网络空间立法模式的选择和网络空间法律新问题的实际解决。第一章从网络空间的定义、特征以及带来的社会影响三个方面阐释网络空间的崛起。网络空间是信息技术的产物,但它不仅仅是一个技术空间,更是一个具有虚拟性、匿名性、开放性、无中心权威性、即时性以及全球性的社会空间。它的崛起,逐渐改变着人类的生存方式、经济模式、政治结构和社会生活,将人类社会带到一个前所未有的境遇。本章总体说来,篇幅较小,主要为论文进一步的深入研究铺设好论证的场景。第二章网络空间的法律基本问题由四个小节组成。首先,通过对五个典型网络法律案例的剖析,本文展现了网络空间带来的法律挑战,指出网络空间对法律的改变和影响是全方位的、深刻的。其次,对网络空间的法律属性做出界定。评析现有的学说之后,指出网络空间是法律调整的一个新空间。在这个与现实社会迥异的新调整领域,法律必须改变现有的规则和变革自我的理论以适应它的发展。其次,对网络空间的法律关系进行分析。指出在网络空间,法律关系的主体呈现多元化和复杂化的特点,虚拟性使得法律关系主体难以确定,法律关系主体相比现实社会而言有所突破；从有体物到无形物,从实在物到虚拟物,法律关系的客体在网络空间得到拓展和延伸；新型权利义务的不断涌现和权利义务的不平衡性是法律关系内容的新特点。最后,文章分析了网络空间的法律责任,从网络空间的法律责任追究入手,指出法律责任常常在网络空间中呈“落空”的态势；网络空间各种主体的法律责任面临着新的情况与可能；对网络空间的法律责任种类进行总结,指出在网络空间设定公法性质的法律责任应当谨慎,而私法性质的法律责任则可以有所突破。总之,在理论层面上对网络空间的法律基本问题进行反思,我们可以发现,网络空间出现的一系列新问题已经开始逐步突破现有社会的法律理论,处在艰难的发展与嬗变中。第三章网络空间的法律价值。网络空间是法律调整的新空间,但并不是对现实社会的颠覆。它依然传承了现实社会基本的法律价值,秩序、平等、效益、自由和正义都是其应有之义,却又在自我特性中开创网络空间法律价值的新内涵。开放、共享和民主成为网络空间法律新的精神指向。在新价值指引之下,人类社会的法律也在网络空间中完成品质的提升和自我的进化。第四章“网络法理学”的兴起与建立。首先,分析和阐释了“网络法理学”兴起的背景。信息技术形塑和开辟的网络空间这一全新社会场域的探讨,不仅涉及经济学、社会学、文化学等研究,而且已经深入到法学的研究范畴。理论基础的薄弱让网络空间的法学研究举步维艰,“网络法理学”的兴起是研究的必然要求和学科细化的必然趋势。其次,界定“网络法理学”的概念,是以作为整体的网络空间法律的共同性问题和一般性问题为研究对象的一门理论法学,它是法理学的分支学科。然后本文阐释了“网络法理学”的理论来源,网络生存方式理论和网络社会理论能为其提供哲学和社会学的基础,网络伦理理论能为其发展提供资料和路径上的借鉴。最后本文简单的阐释了“网络法理学”的研究内容与方法,指出采取多种研究方法界定“网络法理学”中基本的概念、分析原则和价值、厘清“网络法理学”与其他学科之间的关系都是研究内容的重要构成。结语部分,文章指出网络空间的法理分析背后隐藏的路径是技术构建社会,社会改变法律。在法社会学的视野中,技术变迁如同暗流,却能激起社会规则层面法律变革的惊涛骇浪。网络技术的崛起,必定改变人类社会的法律规则,这是不可逆转的趋势,我们能做的,是迎头面对,认真研究。“网络法理学”对不断展开的网络空间的法律进行系统理论研究,最终会取得丰硕的结果。论文从三个层面来完成网络空间的法理分析。在理论层面的反思是对网络空间的法律基本问题做出的剖析。网络空间是人类社会一个独具特性的新型场所,它和其他意义的空间携手共进,共同构成人类的多维度生存。网络空间的法律关系已经发生了不同于现实社会的嬗变,它的变革冲击着现有社会的法律理论,促使法律理论的不断发展和自我完善；在精神维度的追求阐释的是网络空间的法律价值,现有社会的基本法律价值和新的价值精神交织相容,共同指引网络空间法律的演进；研究体系的构建是“网络法理学”的兴起和建立。网络空间的法理分析虽然具有不可忽视的作用,但要真正把握网络空间法律的本质、意义、表现、价值取向和未来发展等问题,必须由一门系统的学问——“网络法理学”对其加以科学完善的研究。在对网络空间相关法律理论进行必要梳理和阐释的基础之上,本文将重点放在他人研究较少或者是尚未研究的领域,并试图做出一些原创性的研究,力求提出一些新的观点。主要有：一是对网络空间的法律关系进行系统的分析,归纳了法律关系主体、客体和内容在网络空间中的改变,指出其法律理论要素已经突破了现实社会的传统理论,以网络空间为基点,发展新的法律理论和丰富现有法理体系势在必行。二是对网络空间的法律价值新内涵做出了阐释。指出开放、共享、民主价值的产生是网络空间的特性使然,也是人类法律价值发展的必然趋势。三是提出了“网络法理学”的概念。尽管“网络法理学”的提出还非常生涩,其自身的研究体系也还在构建之中,但随着网络空间的日渐壮大,它必将成长为一门重要的法理学分支学科,并在网络法律世界之中发挥积极的作用。
[Abstract]:The breakthrough of every key technology in human history usually leads to the transformation of human life style and even basic social structure, thus opening new living space, forming new life experience and social rules, the network technology which has risen since.21 century has swept the globe with its fast speed and great power, one by web site and The virtual but objective world of the cipher is formed - the network space (Cyberspace) begins to rise. As a new and open social field, the network space gradually changes the way of human existence, economic model, political structure and social life, and it has produced an unprecedented impact on the legal theory and system of the real society. Strike and influence.
How does cyberspace challenge the law of the real society? What are the legal attributes of the cyberspace? How does cyberspace reconstruct the legal theory of the real society? What legal value does cyberspace contain? Is it necessary to study and explore the basic legal issues of cyberspace? In theory, it is helpful for people to maintain a sober mind on the law of cyberspace, and to provide global theoretical guidance to the current network legislation, and to provide a fundamental theoretical foothold for the study of specific network law problems. Such a fundamental study is biased by any department law. Only the analysis of the cyberspace can make a real and effective response.
The thesis is divided into five parts. The introduction mainly focuses on the origin of the study, the significance of the topic, the academic review and the research methods and innovation. How to understand the important influence of cyberspace on the law of the real society, this is the cause of this study. The helplessness and embarrassment produced in the study is the motive source of further research. The legal analysis of cyberspace has very important theoretical and practical significance. As far as the theoretical significance is concerned, the theoretical generalization and Reflection on the legal meaning of the network space question can help people to understand and understand the network space from different perspectives. To promote the development of the field of jurisprudence and the reform of the research paradigm, the rise and establishment of a new branch of "network jurisprudence" can be promoted. In terms of practical significance, the legal analysis of cyberspace can effectively guide the choice of the Chinese cyberspace legislative model and the practical solution of the new problems of Cyberspace Law. Decide.
The first chapter explains the rise of cyberspace from three aspects of the definition, characteristics and social influence of cyberspace. The cyberspace is the product of information technology, but it is not only a technical space, but also a virtual, anonymous, open, non central power, instant and global social space. It has gradually changed the way of human existence, the economic model, the political structure and the social life to bring the human society to an unprecedented situation.
The second chapter of the basic legal problems of cyberspace consists of four sections. First, through the analysis of five typical network legal cases, this paper presents the legal challenges brought by cyberspace, and points out that the change and influence of cyberspace on the law are all directional and profound. Secondly, the legal attributes of cyberspace are defined. After some theories, it is pointed out that cyberspace is a new space for the adjustment of law. In this new field of adjustment which is quite different from the real society, the law must change the existing rules and change the theory of self to adapt to its development. Secondly, the legal relationship of cyberspace is analyzed. It is pointed out that the main body of the legal relationship is presented in the cyberspace. The characteristics of pluralism and complexity make the subject of legal relations difficult to determine, and the subject of legal relations has a breakthrough compared with the real society; from the body to the invisible, from the reality to the virtual object, the object of the legal relationship is expanded and extended in the cyberspace; the new rights and obligations are constantly emerging and the rights and obligations are not. Balance is a new feature of the content of legal relationship. Finally, the article analyzes the legal responsibility of cyberspace, and starts with the legal responsibility investigation of cyberspace, and points out that the legal responsibility is often "lost" in the cyberspace; the legal responsibility of the various subjects in the cyberspace is facing the new circumstances and possibilities; the law of the cyberspace. The kind of legal liability is summed up, and it is pointed out that the legal responsibility of setting public law in cyberspace should be prudent, while the legal responsibility of the nature of private law can be broken through. In a word, on the theoretical level, we can find out that a series of new problems in the network space have begun to gradually come into being. Breaking through the legal theory of the existing society is in the difficult development and evolution.
The third chapter is the legal value of cyberspace. The cyberspace is a new space for the adjustment of the law, but it is not a subversion to the real society. It still inherits the basic legal value of the real society. It is the meaning of order, equality, benefit, freedom and justice, but it also opens the new connotation of the legal value of the cyberspace in the self specificity. Sharing and democracy have become the new spiritual direction of Cyberspace Law. Under the new value guidance, the law of human society also completes the improvement of quality and the evolution of self in the cyberspace.
The fourth chapter is the rise and establishment of "network jurisprudence". First, it analyzes and explains the background of the rise of "network jurisprudence". The discussion of the new social field, such as the information technology form and the open network space, not only involves the research of economics, sociology, culture and so on, but also has penetrated into the scope of the study of law. The weakness makes the legal research of cyberspace difficult. The rise of "network jurisprudence" is the inevitable trend of the research and the refinement of the subject. Secondly, the definition of the concept of "network jurisprudence" is a theoretical jurisprudence, which is a jurisprudence, which is the subject of the general question of Cyberspace Law and the general question. Then this article explains the theoretical source of "network jurisprudence". The theory of network survival and the theory of network society can provide the basis for philosophy and sociology. The theory of network ethics can provide reference for its development and path. Finally, this paper simply explains the research content of "network jurisprudence". In this way, it is pointed out that a variety of research methods are adopted to define the basic concepts in "network jurisprudence", to analyze the principles and values and to clarify the relationship between "network jurisprudence" and other disciplines as an important component of the research content.
In the concluding part, the article points out that the hidden path behind the legal analysis of cyberspace is the technology building society and the society changing the law. In the field of law sociology, the technological change is like the dark current, but it can arouse the waves of the law change at the social rule level. The rise of the network technology must change the law rules of the human society, which is not possible. The trend of reversal, what we can do, is to face the head and study carefully. "Network jurisprudence" studies the laws of the continuous network space and will eventually achieve fruitful results.
In this paper, the legal analysis of cyberspace is completed from three levels. The reflection on the theoretical level is an analysis of the basic legal problems of cyberspace. Cyberspace is a new place for human society with a unique feature. It works with other meaningful spaces together to form the multidimensional existence of human beings. The legal customs of Cyberspace The evolution of the system has taken place different from the real society. Its changes impel the legal theory of the existing society, promote the continuous development of the legal theory and improve the self. The pursuit of the spiritual dimension is the legal value of the cyberspace, the basic legal value of the existing society and the new value spirit are intertwined and compatible, and the network guides the network together. The development of space law; the construction of the research system is the rise and establishment of "network jurisprudence". Although the legal analysis of cyberspace has an important role to be ignored, it is necessary to grasp the essence, significance, expression, value orientation and future development of Cyberspace Law. "Learning" is a scientific study of it.
On the basis of the necessary combing and explaining the relevant legal theory of cyberspace, this article focuses on the fields that others have studied less or have not yet studied, and tries to make some original research and try to put forward some new views. The change of the subject, object and content in the cyberspace, points out that its legal theory elements have broken through the traditional theory of the real society, and it is imperative to develop the new legal theory and enrich the existing legal system based on the network space. Two is to explain the new connotation of the legal value of the cyberspace. To enjoy, the emergence of democratic value is the characteristic of cyberspace and the inevitable trend of the development of human legal value. Three is the concept of "network jurisprudence". Although "network jurisprudence" is still very astringent, its own research system is still in construction, but with the growing of network space, it will grow up. As an important branch of jurisprudence, it plays an active role in the network legal world.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D90

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