英国公司法的历史演进

发布时间：2018-06-05 07:08

本文选题：英国 + 公司法　；参考：《西南政法大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 公司不仅创造了当今世界的绝大部分财富,而且也成为人们最经常用以经营商务的工具。而作为规范公司的组织与行为的公司法对公司的重要性不言而喻。有限责任公司是英国最具创造性的发明。英国公司法的产生可以追溯到19世纪。1844年英国的《合作股份公司法》是世界上第一部认可公司独立法人地位的公司法。1855年的《有限责任法》和1856年经修改的《合作股份公司法》奠定了现代公司法的基础,在根本上确立了有限责任和公司独立人格的关键原则。从此企业家能够开发有风险的产业,投资人能够聚集各种资源,金融家能够投资于缺乏资金的发明人等等。同时,人们也逐渐认识到有限责任公司本身所赋与的有限责任和独立人格的特性已被董事会成员或公司的执行官滥用,由此,针对公司创设和运作规则等方面的法律应运而生。而这些法律的目的主要是为在市场上吸收更多的资本金并设法营造和鼓励更多经济活动。 19世纪和20世纪,英国公司法历经多次修改,每一次修改都是在高层次上将当时的需求纳入立法中。1972年英国加入了欧洲经济共同体,因此其立法不得不融合和执行欧共体的相应法律规则。这些变化最终在1985年的公司法中得到整合和反映,在此基础上,1989年颁布的公司法作了进一步的修改,核心内容基本未变。自19世纪以来,在英国公司法的发展过程中积淀了太多法令和案例。随着社会环境的发展和变化,英国公司法相应作了不断的调整,重新评估并减轻法规的束缚,从而达到“有所为”的法律构架并进而夯实了英国的法律环境。本文从公司的历史起源谈起,进而引出英国公司法,阐述其历史及其演进过程,通过对英国公司立法的历史进行梳理,揭示了其发展的规律及发展的趋势。只要我们深刻的理解了英国公司法的历史演进过程,不论是对公司法本身还是对中国未来公司立法的方向都会具有指导和借鉴的意义。本文主要内容分为以下四大部分: 引言部分概述了公司对一个国家和社会的重要性,介绍了目前国内外学术界研究英国公司法的现状及本文的研究方法、目的、意义。论文的第一部分英国公司法的形成和演变,首先考察了公司的起源,接下来将英国公司立法史分为三个阶段加以分析,即英国早期公司立法---1844年以前、1844年以后的公司立法、1998年后的最新改革。学界公认最早出现的典型的股份公司是1600年的英国东印度公司,其根据国王的特许而设立。随着英国经济的发展,越来越多的公司出现,此时规范公司的公司法应运而生。1720年的《泡沫法》是英国最早的公司立法。1844年在英国公司法发展进程中具有里程碑意义的《合股公司法》初步奠定了英国现代公司法的立法模式和框架,标志着现代公司制度的正式出现,也在世界经济发展史上有着重要的意义。此后,为适应英国资本主义经济迅猛发展的需要,英国的公司立法也与时俱进的进行了多次重大的修改,在此过程中确立了一些重大的至今仍然沿用的原则。英国公司法肇端于《1844年合股公司法》和《1855年有限责任法》,自诞生后就因为对有限责任制度的创设和肯定以及其它一些符合当时社会经济发展需要的制度而极大的鼓励了本国投资、促进了经济的腾飞,并随着英国的扩张而得到许多国家的效仿。之后的英国公司法一直由贸易部任命的法律改革委员会进行主动地检讨和提交修改建议,并通过判例不断获得发展和补充,但随着时间的推移,这样的方式也使得英国公司法渐渐变得臃肿不堪。1998年开始的公司法改革旨在全面、彻底和广泛的对公司法作出检讨,进而为新的公司立法提供适应经济发展的框架。新的公司立法除了要适应市场全球化需要的竞争力和灵活性以外,还要考虑来自其它英联邦国家立法和司法的影响。论文的第二部分为英国公司法的渊源与演进规律,首先,论文列举了英国公司法的渊源,它们分别是1.成文法;2.普通法;3.欧盟公司法指令;4.公司备忘录和章程;5.法律书籍和期刊等刊物。英国公司法发展到现代经历了一个较为漫长的历史过程,它在原有公司法的基础上不断更新,最终形成了系统化、严密化和科学化的立法格局。从英国200多年的公司立法进程之中,可以总结出其发展的基本规律:1.从恪守公司的社团性发展到允许一人公司的设立;2.从单纯准则主义发展到严格准则主义;3.从以股东大会为中心到以董事会为中心;4.公司法从国内法开始向统一化、国际化方向发展。本文的结语部分概括总结了论文的主要内容和观点以及研究英国公司法的意义,了解了英国的公司立法史,从中得到启示,对中国的公司立法具有借鉴价信。
[Abstract]:The company not only creates most of the wealth of the world, but also becomes the most frequently used tool for business. And the importance of the company law as the organization and behavior of the company is self-evident. Limited liability company is the most creative invention in Britain. The emergence of the British company law can be traced back to.1 in nineteenth Century. The 844 year British co - stock company law was the first company law that recognized the company's independent legal person status in the world, the company law of.1855, the limited liability law and the revised joint stock company law in 1856, laid the foundation of the modern company law, and fundamentally established the key principles of Limited liability and the independence of the company. In developing risky industries, investors can gather all kinds of resources, financiers can invest in inventors of lack of funds and so on. At the same time, it is gradually realized that the limited liability and independent personality of the limited liability company itself have been abused by the board members or the executive officers of the company, thus creating and transporting the company to the company. Laws and other laws emerge as the times require, and the aim of these laws is to absorb more capital in the market and try to create and encourage more economic activities.
In 19th Century and 20th Century, the British company law has been revised many times, each of which has been incorporated into the European Economic Community at the high level in the high level in the.1972 year. Therefore, its legislation has to integrate and implement the corresponding legal rules of the European community. These changes were finally integrated and reversed in the corporate law of 1985. On this basis, the company law promulgated in 1989 has been further revised and the core content has not changed. Since nineteenth Century, too many laws and cases have been accumulated in the process of the development of British company law. With the development and change of the social environment, the British company law has been adjusted accordingly, reassessing and alleviating the constraints of the laws and regulations, So as to achieve the legal framework of "doing something" and consolidate the legal environment of Britain.
This article starts with the historical origin of the company, then leads to the English company law, expounds its history and its evolution process. Through the history of the British company legislation, it reveals the law and trend of its development. As long as we deeply understand the history of the history of the British company law, it is not only for the company law itself or the other. The direction of China's Future Ltd legislation will have guidance and reference significance.
The main contents of this paper are divided into the following four parts:
The introduction gives an overview of the importance of the company to a country and society, and introduces the current status of the study of British company law at home and abroad and the research method, purpose and significance of this article.
The first part of the thesis is the formation and evolution of the British company law. First, the origin of the company is examined. Then the legislative history of the British company is divided into three stages, namely, the early British company legislation ---1844 years ago, the company legislation after 1844, the latest reform after 1998. It was the British East India Co in 1600, which was set up by the king's franchise. With the development of the British economy, more and more companies appeared. At this time, the company law of the standard company came into being in the.1720 "the bubble law", the earliest British company legislation in.1844, a milestone in the process of the British company law development. The law has preliminarily laid the legislative pattern and frame of the British modern company law, which marks the formal appearance of the modern corporate system and has an important significance in the history of the world economic development. Since then, in order to meet the needs of the rapid development of the British capitalist economy, the British corporate legislation has also carried out a number of major amendments to the times. In the course of the process, there are some important principles that are still used. The British company law has been caused by the company law of <1844 and the limited liability law of <1855. Since its birth, it has greatly encouraged domestic investment because of the creation and affirmation of the limited liability system and other systems that meet the needs of the social and economic development at that time. With the expansion of the economy, and with the expansion of the UK, the British company law has been actively reviewing and submitting revisions by the Law Reform Commission appointed by the Ministry of trade, and continues to be developed and supplemented through precedents, but as time goes on, the British corporate law has also been made. The company law reform, which has gradually become bloated and overstaffed for.1998 years, is aimed at a comprehensive, thorough and extensive review of corporate laws to provide a framework for new corporate legislation to adapt to economic development. New corporate legislation will also consider from other Commonwealth countries in addition to the competitiveness and flexibility of market globalization. The influence of legislation and judicature.
The second part of the thesis is the origin and evolution law of British company law. First, the paper lists the origins of British company law, which are 1. written laws, 2. common law, 3. EU corporation law, 4. company memorandum and statute, 5. legal books and periodicals. The British company law has developed to a more long history in modern times. In the process of history, it was constantly updated on the basis of the original company law, and finally formed a systematic, rigorous and scientific legislative pattern. In the course of the 200 years' company legislation in Britain, the basic rules of its development can be summed up: 1. from scrupulously to the company's community development to the establishment of a one person company; 2. from the simple principle of development. To the strict rule doctrine; 3. from the shareholders' meeting as the center to the board of directors as the center; 4., the company law started from the domestic law to the direction of unification and internationalization.
The conclusion of this article summarizes the main contents and views of the thesis as well as the significance of the study of the British company law. It understands the legislative history of the British company, and gets the inspiration from it, and has a reference to the Chinese company legislation.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D956.1;DD912.29

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