英国失业保险法律制度的变迁及启示

发布时间：2018-06-05 12:58

本文选题：失业保险法 + 变迁　；参考：《山西大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 随着美国次贷危机向全球金融市场蔓延,全球性的失业问题愈演愈烈,影响着国家政局的稳定和社会环境的安定。失业保险作为解决失业问题的有效应对方式,使暂时处于失业状态的劳动者获得基本生活保障,并通过就业服务来帮助失业者再就业,其作为社会保障制度中的十分重要的组成部分能起到社会“安全网”和“减振器”的作用。中国于1999年颁布《失业保险条例》,标志着我国失业保险制度成为一项独立的且有法律强制力保证实施的社会保险制度。但随着社会的发展,其弊端日益显现,立法层次偏低、保障水平低下、覆盖面较窄、促进就业功能不足等问题,严重影响了失业保险法律制度应有作用的发挥。英国作为世界上第一个建立强制性失业保险法律制度的国家,其失业保险法律制度历史悠久,内容完善。选择英国失业保险法律制度作为研究对象,将有助于我们对整个西方失业保险法律制度的发展进行宏观把握。本文运用文献资料法、历史分析法、实证分析法和比较分析法等综合性的研究方法,探析英国失业保险法律制度的发展历程,探讨其发展经验,以期为建立中国特色的失业保险法律制度提供理论向导,推动中国失业保险法律制度的理论建设和实践发展。本文共分为四个部分：第一部分梳理了英国失业保险法律制度的初期发展过程。主要分析英国失业保险法律制度初期发展的背景及制度嬗变过程,明确英国失业保险法律制度建立和完善的历史过程及基本原因。第二部分探讨了英国失业保险法律制度的初期发展特点及效用。英国失业保险法律制度采用综合型失业保险法模式,具有保障范围全面,个人缴费比例较高,保障水平提高,支付条件严格及管理体制统一的特点。上述特点的形成有利于英国失业保险法律制度公平价值理念的确立,有利于英国经济发展水平的维系,有利于英国社会福利系统的丰富及保证英国社会的协调发展。第三部分重点探讨了当代英国失业保险法律制度的变革。20世纪70年代以来,英国经济发展明显放缓,过度的保障水平导致政府财政负担急剧加重。撒切尔政府与布莱尔政府先后推行了失业保险法律制度改革,形成了失业保险覆盖范围广和个人缴费率较高,失业保险金领取条件严格,失业保险待遇下调及社会保障管理机构统一及相关政策与法律制度配套等特点。变革后的英国失业保险法律制度做到了公平与效率价值的权衡,国家责任与个人责任的协调,使失业保险与就业促进并行发展,收到了阻止经济下滑并回暖的社会效果。第四部分揭示英国失业保险法律制度的中国启示。首先对我国失业保险法律制度的演进过程进行简要梳理,进而分析了现行我国失业保险法律制度的缺陷主要表现在立法层次偏低、相关法不健全,覆盖范围狭窄、给付水平低,管理及监督规定不完善,促进再就业规定的疏漏等方面。在此基础上,结合文章前三个部分的内容分析,提出我国应借鉴英国失业保险法律制度发展过程中的有益经验,尽快制定《失业保险法》,拓宽覆盖范围,提高给付水平,强化管理及监督机制,加强失业保险法的促进再就业功能并且重新审视政府职能。
[Abstract]:With the subprime crisis in the United States spreading to the global financial market, the global unemployment is becoming more and more serious, affecting the stability of the state and the stability of the social environment. As an effective way to solve the unemployment problem, unemployment insurance makes the workers who are temporarily unemployed obtain basic living security and help the loss through employment services. As a very important part of the social security system, the industry is able to play the role of "safety net" and "shock absorber". In 1999, China promulgated the unemployment insurance regulations, which symbolizes the unemployment insurance system in China as an independent and legally enforceable social insurance system. The development of the society, its disadvantages increasingly appear, the level of legislation is low, the level of security is low, the coverage is narrow, and the employment function is insufficient, which seriously affects the exertion of the legal system of unemployment insurance. As the first country in the world to establish the compulsory unemployment insurance legal system, the legal system of unemployment insurance has a long history. For a long time, the content is perfect. Choosing the British unemployment insurance legal system as the research object will help us to make a macro grasp of the development of the whole legal system of unemployment insurance in the West. This paper applies the comprehensive research methods such as literature, historical analysis, empirical analysis and comparative analysis to explore the legal system of unemployment insurance in Britain. In order to provide theoretical guide for the establishment of the legal system of unemployment insurance with Chinese characteristics, the theoretical and practical development of the legal system of unemployment insurance in China will be promoted.
This article is divided into four parts:
The first part has combed the initial development process of the British unemployment insurance legal system. It mainly analyzes the background of the initial development of the British unemployment insurance legal system and the process of the system evolution, and makes clear the historical process and the basic reasons for the establishment and improvement of the legal system of the unemployment insurance in Britain.
The second part discusses the characteristics and effectiveness of the initial development of the legal system of unemployment insurance in Britain. The British unemployment insurance legal system adopts the comprehensive unemployment insurance law, which has the characteristics of full scope of security, higher proportion of individual contribution, higher level of security, strict payment conditions and unified management system. The formation of the above characteristics is beneficial to the formation of the above characteristics. The establishment of the fair value concept of the British unemployment insurance legal system is conducive to the maintenance of the level of the economic development of the UK, the enrichment of the British social welfare system and the guarantee of the coordinated development of the British society.
The third part focuses on the reform of the legal system of unemployment insurance in contemporary Britain. Since the 70s of.20 century, the economic development of the UK has slowed obviously. The excessive security level has led to a sharp increase in the financial burden of the government. The Thatcher administration and the Blair government have successively carried out the reform of the legal system of unemployment insurance, forming the coverage of unemployment insurance. There is a high rate of payment, strict claim for unemployment insurance, downregulation of unemployment insurance and the unity of social security management institutions and the matching of relevant policies and legal systems. The reform of the British unemployment insurance legal system has made a balance between fairness and efficiency value, and the coordination of state responsibility and personal responsibility to make unemployment insurance The parallel development of employment promotion has received the social effect of preventing economic downturn and recovering.
The fourth part reveals the Chinese Enlightenment of the legal system of unemployment insurance in Britain. First, it briefly reviews the process of the evolution of the legal system of unemployment insurance in China, and then analyses the defects of the current legal system of unemployment insurance in our country, which are mainly manifested in the low level of legislation, the unsound related laws, the narrow coverage, the low level of payment, the management and the supervision. On the basis of the analysis of the contents of the first three parts of the article, the author puts forward that China should draw on the useful experience of the development process of the British unemployment insurance legal system, and formulate the unemployment insurance law as soon as possible, widen the coverage, improve the level of payment, and strengthen the management and supervision mechanism. The strong unemployment insurance law promotes the function of re employment and reexamines the functions of the government.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D956.1;DD912.28

【引证文献】