近代上海城市规划法制研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 05:52

本文选题：近代 + 上海　；参考：《华东政法大学》2009年博士论文

【摘要】： 上海自1843年正式开埠,1845年租界开辟,其地位迅速崛起,在20世纪二三十年代被誉为远东第一大城市,是中国现代化起步最早、程度最高的城市。城市是一个连续发展的统一体,今天的上海城市规划所面对的对象,部分内容就是近代上海城市规划及其建设的成果,今天上海在面对快速的城市化过程中所发生的种种问题,在近代上海城市发展过程中也曾经历过。本文基于这样的视角,对近代上海的城市规划法制进行研究,以探寻近代上海城市发展过程中,城市规划及城市规划法制在城市化进程中的作用。此外,近代中国的法制现代化也首先是从上海开始的,其起始地就是上海的英租界,因此,对近代上海城市规划法制进行研究,也是研究近代中国法制现代化的重要视角之一。由于近代上海特殊的三方四界的格局以及长期存在着三个独立的地方政权——公共租界、法租界以及华界,因此,无论是城市规划还是城市规划法制都是在三个各自不同的空间进行运作。本文拟从租界与华界两个空间论述城市规划及其法制,租界方面主要着重于公共租界的城市规划及其法制。为此,本文的框架结构设计为除导论及尾声外,由第一编“近代上海公共租界城市规划法制”、第二编“近代上海华界城市规划法制”以及结论“近代上海城市规划法制的两个问题”等三个部分共十一章组成,具体如下：导论,主要是对本文涉及到的一些基本概念,如城市、城市化、城市规划以及城市规划法等概念进行了界定,对论文的研究范围、目前学界研究的动态以及本文研究的意义和思路从总体上作了介绍。第一编,近代上海公共租界城市规划法制。本编主要是从功能意义上论述租界以土地章程为核心的城市规划法律制度,包括土地管理制度、道路管理制度以及建筑管理制度。这些法律制度与中国传统的城市规划、管理制度相比,无论是在表现形式还是实质内容方面都有着巨大的差异。在具体的政治体制设计过程中强调权力主体的分权与制衡；在法律制度运行过程中强调严格执法、法律面前人人平等；在具体的道路规划及实施过程中强调程序、确保了公民的参与、保障了不同的利益群体在规划过程中的充分表达机会。这些法律制度与我国传统的维护贵贱尊卑等级秩序的城市规划管理制度有着根本的不同,是近代上海法制现代化的渊源。不可否认的是,这些法律制度的实施,一方面对近代上海华界的城市规划法制产生了积极的影响,另外一方面也深深地伤害了上海人民的感情,带有强烈的殖民色彩。本编共分五章,从第一章至第五章：第一章,上海租界土地章程的性质及作用。本章从土地章程制定的历史背景出发,论述了1845年上海土地章程是近代上海乃至近代中国第一部城市规划文件以及现代城市规划法,并论述了该章程是中英双方基于各自土地管理制度的传统及当时现实情况而达成的,其确立了租界的地域范围、明确了城市规划的主体、原则及内容。第二章,上海公共租界土地管理制度。本章主要从土地管理的法制化与土地市场的法制化两个角度论述了公共租界的土地管理制度,指出了公共租界土地管理制度与我国传统的土地制度的不同,并指出租界的土地管理制度对于华界的影响。第三章,上海公共租界道路管理制度。本章分析了近代上海公共租界道路管理制度的萌芽、初创、建立及完善等4个不同的发展阶段中道路计划的提出、不同利益主体的不同诉求及相应的法律规制,并对公共租界内越界筑路的动因、其中涉及到的利益纠纷以及越界筑成的道路以及法律性质进行了分析。第四章,上海公共租界建筑管理制度。本章从消防、卫生防疫及交通等3个方面分析了近代上海公共租界建筑管理制度的变迁,详细介绍了公共租界建筑管理法规的内容,并指出建筑管理制度中存在的问题。第五章,上海公共租界城市规划法制解析。本章从分区出发探讨了近代上海公共租界没有建立分区制度的原因,分析了公共租界城市规划法制的突出方面及与法租界城市规划法制的异同,以及公共租界城市规划法制对华界城市规划法制的影响。第二编,近代上海华界的城市规划法制。由于革命及战争的原因,使得近代上海华界的地方政权经过多次变动,1927年后的历届政权,无论是南京国民政府时期的上海(特别)市政府,还是日伪时期的上海特别市政府,以及抗战胜利后的上海市政府,对于上海的城市发展都制定有详细的、完备的城市规划方案,并都制定有完善的、立体的城市规划法规。因此,本编对华界城市规划及其法制的论述是以各个政权为主线,具体论述各个政权下城市规划及其法制的状况,以及不同政权下的城市规划法制在整个近代上海华界城市规划法制发展中的地位。本编共分四章,从第六章至第九章：第六章,地方自治时期华界城市规划法制的萌芽。本章首先介绍了地方自治时期华界的道路建设及吴淞的两次开埠计划,然后论述了这一阶段的华界无论是城市规划还是城市规划法制都处于探索阶段,并具体论述了这一阶段城市规划法制的内容。第七章,抗战前华界城市规划法制的确立。本章首先介绍了大上海(建设)计划制定的历史背景及内容,然后论述了华界城市规划制定的法律制度以及城市规划实施的法律制度的确立,并具体论述了这一阶段的分区制度以及土地、道路、建筑等涉及城市空间布局的法律制度的内容。第八章,日伪时期城市规划法制的变异。本章首先介绍了日伪时期大上海都市建设计划制定的历史背景、内容及范围,然后论述了这一阶段的城市规划法制的变异主要体现在带有较强的军事色彩、强烈的殖民性以及规划主体的非上海性等方面,并具体论述了这一阶段的城市规划法制的内容。第九章,抗战后城市规划法制的发展。本章首先介绍了大上海都市计划制定的历史背景及内容,然后论述了这一阶段城市规划法制的发展主要体现在南京国民政府城市规划核心法及其配套法的颁布及施行以及上海市城市规划法律制度的立、改、废等方面,并具体论述了这一阶段的城市规划法制的内容。结论,近代上海城市规划法制的两个问题。结论部分主要讨论的是近代上海城市规划法制现代化以及法律的移植及本土化问题。本部分共分二章,从第十章至第十一章：第十章,近代上海城市规划法制现代化问题。本章主要论述了由于近代上海租界和华界在政治、经济、文化等各个方面的发展都不尽一致,因此,法制现代化的进程以及动力也就不尽相同,租界早于华界近50年就实现了法制的现代化。除了作为法律关系主体的人以及经济、政治等因素共同影响法制现代化的进程外,作为华界的城市规划法制现代化最重要的动力之一就是租界的巨大的压力,这种压力同时也是华界实现法制现代化的巨大动力。第十一章,近代上海城市规划法制的移植及本土化问题。本章主要论述了近代上海租界和华界城市规划法制实现现代化的方式——法律移植及本土化的问题,并指出了租界和华界法律移植的对象及本土化的过程是不尽一致的。尾声,面对21世纪的上海,主要提出了在今天的上海城市发展过程中,如何对待城市化过程中的最核心要素——人口问题以及如何对待城市化过程中城市的拆与建的问题,并指出那些真正伟大的城市,正是能够让人活着、并且活得更好的城市。
[Abstract]:Shanghai has opened its port in 1843 , opened up in 1845 , and its status has risen rapidly . In the 1920s and 1930s , it was regarded as the first big city in the Far East , which is the first city in modern Shanghai .

As a result of the pattern of the special three - party four circles in modern Shanghai and the long - term existence of three independent local political power _ public concessions , law concessions and Chinese borders , it is proposed to discuss urban planning and its legal system in three separate spaces in both urban planning and urban planning .

In this paper , some basic concepts , such as city , urbanization , urban planning and urban planning , are defined , and the scope of the thesis , the dynamics of the research in the academic field and the significance and thinking of this paper are introduced .

This paper mainly discusses the urban planning legal system , including land management system , road management system and building management system , which is the core of the land charter . These legal systems have great difference from the traditional urban planning and management system in China .
In the process of running the legal system , we emphasize the strict enforcement of law and equality before the law ;
In the course of concrete road planning and implementation , the procedure is emphasized , the citizen ' s participation is ensured , and the full expression of the different interest groups in the planning process is guaranteed . These legal systems are fundamentally different from the traditional urban planning management system , which is the origin of the modernization of the legal system in modern Shanghai .

Chapter One discusses the nature and function of the land charter in Shanghai . From the historical background of the constitution of the land , this chapter discusses the first urban planning document and the modern urban planning law in Shanghai and even modern China in 1845 . It also discusses the traditional and actual situation of the land management system in China and the UK . It establishes the geographic scope of the concession , and makes clear the subject , principle and content of urban planning .

The second chapter discusses the land management system of public concession in Shanghai . This chapter mainly discusses the land management system of public concession from two aspects : the legalization of land management and the legalization of land market , points out that the land management system of public concession is different from the traditional land system in China , and points out that the land management system of concession is the influence of land management system on China .

In chapter 3 , the road management system of Shanghai public rental industry is analyzed in this chapter . This chapter analyzes the emergence , initial creation , establishment and perfection of the road management system in Shanghai public rental industry .

Chapter Four , Shanghai Public Rental Housing Management System . This chapter analyzes the changes of the construction management system of Shanghai public rental industry from three aspects , such as fire fighting , sanitation and epidemic prevention and traffic , and introduces the contents of the construction management regulations of public rental industry in detail , and points out the problems existing in the construction management system .

Chapter 5 , the analysis of the urban planning legal system of Shanghai public rental industry . This chapter discusses the reasons for the establishment of the zoning system in the modern Shanghai public rental industry , analyzes the outstanding aspects of the urban planning legal system of the public concession and the similarities and differences between the urban planning and the legal system of the law concession , and the influence of the urban planning legal system of the public concession on the urban planning legal system of China .

In the second part , the urban planning and legal system of the modern Shanghai China has changed many times since the revolution and the war , so that the local political power in the modern Shanghai China has been changed many times . In 1927 , the Shanghai municipal government and the Shanghai municipal government after the victory of the War of Resistance in Shanghai have formulated detailed and complete urban planning laws and regulations . Therefore , the urban planning and the legal system under different regimes have been established in the development of the urban planning and legal system of the whole modern Shanghai .

The sixth chapter , the sprout of the city planning legal system in the local self - government period . Firstly , this chapter introduces the road construction of the Chinese community in the local self - government period and the two port plans of Wusong , then discusses the Chinese community in this stage , whether urban planning or urban planning legal system is in the exploration stage , and discusses the content of the urban planning legal system in this stage .

Chapter 7 , the establishment of the city planning legal system before the Anti - Japanese War , firstly introduces the historical background and contents of the planning of the Great Shanghai ( Construction ) Plan , then discusses the legal system of city planning in China and the establishment of the legal system of the implementation of urban planning , and discusses the zoning system of this stage as well as the contents of the legal system related to urban spatial layout .

Chapter 8 introduces the historical background , content and scope of urban planning and legal system in the period of the pseudo - period , then discusses the variation of the urban planning legal system in this stage , which is mainly embodied in the aspects of strong military color , strong colonial property and non - Shanghai property of the planning subject , and discusses the content of the urban planning legal system in this stage .

Chapter 9 , the development of the urban planning legal system after the Anti - Japanese War . This chapter introduces the historical background and contents of the urban planning system in Shanghai , and then discusses the development of the urban planning legal system in Nanjing . It is mainly reflected in the promulgation and implementation of the urban planning core law of Nanjing National Government and its supporting law , as well as the establishment , reform and waste of the city planning legal system in Shanghai , and the contents of the urban planning legal system in this stage are discussed in detail .

The conclusion is that the modern Shanghai urban planning legal system has two problems . The conclusion part mainly discusses the modernization of the urban planning legal system in modern times and the transplant and localization of law . The present part is divided into two chapters , from Chapter 10 to Chapter 11 :

Chapter X , the modernization of urban planning and legal system in modern Shanghai . This chapter mainly discusses the process of modernization of legal system and the modernization of the rule of law in recent 50 years because of the political , economic and cultural development of modern Shanghai concession and China . Besides , the most important motive force of the modernization of the legal system as the subject of legal relation and the economic and political factors is the great pressure of the concession , and this pressure is also the great impetus to realize the modernization of the legal system in China .

Chapter 11 , the transplantation and localization of urban planning legal system in modern Shanghai . This chapter mainly discusses the way _ law transplantation and localization of the modern Shanghai concession and the city planning legal system in China , and points out that the object and the localization process of the law transplantation between the concession and the Chinese border are different .

At the end of the 21st century , Shanghai , which faces the twenty - first century , mainly put forward how to deal with the core element of urbanization and how to deal with the problems of the demolition and construction of the city in the course of urbanization . It points out that the real great cities are the cities which can make people live and live better .
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.181;D929

【引证文献】