中国与新西兰器官移植法律规定之比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 08:27

本文选题：比较法学 + 人体器官移植条例　；参考：《南昌大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：器官移植技术的出现，满足了人们最原始的欲望之一——延年益寿。而同时也暴露出了许多深植于人心之中的丑陋，与现代经济社会对人性的腐蚀。诸多买卖器官、偷取器官、强制摘取器官、非法利用胎儿与尸体器官的违法行为；民众对于器官捐献的意识落后、活体器官捐献来源缺口巨大；各种同种移植、异种移植、疯狂的移植实验带来的对传统伦理观念的巨大挑战；这些林林总总的问题无不揭示出器官移植并不是一个单纯的科技问题，而是深深植根于一个国家、民族的传统伦理道德观念、社会经济文化发展水平、国家法律体系之中，同时又受到国际化影响的复杂问题。即使单单就立法向度而言也不可能仅仅就法律术语、刑罚制度而展开，也不可能仅就一国国内的情况泛泛而谈。所以本文从比较法学的角度，立足于我国的《人体器官移植条例》，与新西兰《人体组织法》相比较，，就两国不同的移植实践发展状况展开，联系两国不同之传统、社会发展状况，论及各自不同法律传统下所形成的价值取向、重要原则、特色制度，以期于比较之中加强对我国目前《人体器官移植条例》的认识，肯定其中的优点，并且参考新西兰《人体组织法》的特点，说明我国立法之中的不足之处，并对其加以借鉴参考。以期对我国的器官移植立法、实践有所裨益。
[Abstract]:The emergence of organ transplantation technology satisfies one of people's most primitive desire-prolonging life. At the same time, it also exposed many deeply rooted in the heart of the ugly, and modern economic society to the erosion of human nature. Many illegal acts of buying and selling organs, stealing organs, forcibly removing organs, illegally using fetuses and cadaveric organs; people's awareness of organ donation is backward, and the source of living organ donation is huge; all kinds of allografts, xenografts, The enormous challenge to traditional ethics posed by frantic transplant experiments; all these problems reveal that organ transplantation is not a purely technological problem, but is deeply rooted in a country. The traditional ethical concepts of the nation, the development level of social economy and culture, and the complicated problems in the national legal system are influenced by the internationalization at the same time. Even in terms of the direction of legislation, it is not possible to just start with the legal terms and the penalty system, nor can it only talk about the domestic situation of a country in a general way. Therefore, from the perspective of comparative law, based on our country's Human Organ Transplant regulations, and comparing with New Zealand's Human Organization Act, this paper unfolds the development of different transplant practices in the two countries, connecting with the different traditions of the two countries. The state of social development, the value orientation, the important principles and the characteristic system formed under the different legal traditions are discussed in order to strengthen the understanding of the present regulations on Human Organ Transplant in China in comparison, and affirm the advantages therein, Referring to the characteristics of New Zealand's Human body Organization Act, this paper explains the shortcomings of our legislation, and makes reference to it. In order to our country organ transplant legislation, the practice has the benefit.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D961.2

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