法律文本中立法目的条款设置论析

发布时间：2018-06-08 14:08

本文选题：立法目的 + 立法目的条款　；参考：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前我国的立法事业随着我国法治进程的不断完善而日益繁荣。然而,在立法繁荣的背景下我国当前的立法还存在法律文本结构不规范等问题。法的结构规范化是当前立法学研究的重要课题,法的结构规范化就是以具体的法律文本为研究对象,研究立法语言、立法格式、立法形态等具体的法的结构。法的结构规范化最终需要具体落实到一系列具体的条款上来。立法目的条款是法律文本中提纲挈领性的条文,正确设置立法目的条款,作为法的结构规范化的重要组成部分,有利于促进法的结构规范化目标的实现。立法目的条款是在法律文本中专门用来表述整个法律文本之目的的特定法条形式。反映的是立法主体为自身的需要,针对法律所调整的对象,采用科学的立法方法和立法技术,制定和选择相应的或最佳的立法方案,事先设定立法所要实现的具体目标(即立法目的)。根据法律所调整的社会关系领域不同、法律文本所属结构层次不同、实现方式不同进行可以对立法目的进行相应的划分。对于立法目的条款设置的必要性,当前学界主要有“必设说”“废除说”“区分说”三种观点,其中“区分说”认为需要根据实际需要具体情况具体分析来确定是否需要设置立法目的条款,这是一种较为全面、客观的说法。立法目的条款在法律文本中的作用在于可以协调立法时各方的利益,为立法者的立法活动指引方向,是司法者评判立法质量的重要标准,同时为立法者、司法者解释法律提供了重要标准,此外设置立法目的条款是当前立法要求规范化、完整化的一个重要要求,可以为今后的法律完善和以后的立法活动提供重要参考。考察我国当前法律法规中立法目的条款的设置现状,发现由于历史原因、立法实践等原因当前立法目的条款的设置存在立法目的条款并非必备条款,条款位置不确定,形式具有多样性等特点。这些特点也反映了当前我国立法实践中立法目的条款设置存在的问题：位置不协调、设置该条款的规范不统一、格式不规范、层次有问题、内容抽象等,这些都是以后法律完善需要重点关注的问题。考察世界主要国家的立法例,发现立法目的条款在各国成文立法中具有非常重要的地位,不管是大陆法系还是英美法系,设置立法目的条款是当前各国成文立法的大趋势。此外,各国成文立法都要求立法目的条款的设置应该明确且统一,这对我国的立法是很重要的启示。对于我国当前立法目的条款设置存在的各种问题并参考世界各国立法的标准。应在立法技术上采取明确立法目的条款设置的位置,明确设置立法目的条款的法律类型,统一立法目的条款格式,规范条款内容层次并完善该条款与立法依据条款的结合等方式切实改进当前的立法目的条款设置乱象。从而完善立法目的条款的表述水平,提高立法技术水平,促进我国立法的规范化。
[Abstract]:At present, the legislative cause of our country is becoming more and more prosperous with the continuous improvement of the process of the rule of law in our country. However, under the background of the prosperity of the legislation, there are still some problems in the current legislative text structure in our country. The standardization of the structure of law is an important subject of the current legal research, and the standardization of the structure of law is the specific legal text. Research object, research legislative language, legislative format, legislative form and other concrete structure of law. The standardization of the structure of the law ultimately needs to be concretely implemented to a series of specific provisions. The legislative purpose clause is a guiding principle in the legal text, setting up the legislative purpose clauses correctly, as an important part of the normalization of the law. It is conducive to the realization of the goal of structural standardization of law.
The legislative purpose clause is a specific law form which is specially used to express the purpose of the whole legal text in the legal text. It reflects that the legislative body is its own needs. According to the objects adjusted by the law, the scientific legislative method and the legislative technology are adopted to formulate and select the corresponding or best legislative plan, and the legislation should be set in advance. The present specific objectives (i.e. legislative purposes). According to the different areas of social relations adjusted by the law, the structural levels of the legal texts are different, and the different implementation methods can be divided into the legislative purposes accordingly.
As to the necessity of setting up the legislative purpose, there are three viewpoints in the current academic circle: "must say", "abolish the theory" and "distinguish theory". "Distinction theory" believes that it is necessary to set up a legislative purpose clause according to specific circumstances of actual needs. This is a more comprehensive and objective statement. The role of money in the legal text is to coordinate the interests of all parties in the legislation, guide the legislative activities of the legislator, be an important criterion for the judiciary to judge the quality of the legislation, and provide an important standard for the legislator and the judiciary to explain the law. In addition, the provision of legislative purpose is a standardized and complete legislative requirement. An important requirement can provide an important reference for future legal improvement and future legislative activities.
The present situation of the purpose clause of the neutral law in China's current laws and regulations is investigated. It is found that the legislative purpose clause is not necessary, the position of the provisions is not definite, the form has diversity and so on. These characteristics also reflect the current legislation in China's legislative practice. The problem of the purpose clause setting is that the position is not coordinated, the standard is not unified, the format is not standard, the level has problems, and the content is abstract. These are all the problems that need to be paid attention to in the future law improvement.
It is found that the legislative purpose clause has a very important position in the legislation of various countries. Whether it is the continental law system or the Anglo American law system, the provision of legislative purpose is the major trend of the current statute legislation in various countries. In addition, the legislation of various countries requires that the setting of the legislative purpose should be clear and unified. This is a very important revelation to our country's legislation.
With regard to the various problems existing in the provision of legislative purpose in China and the standards of the legislation of all countries in the world, it is necessary to adopt the position of clear legislative purpose clause in legislative technology, set the legal types of the provisions of the legislative purpose, unify the terms of the provisions of the legislative purpose, the contents of the provisions of the regulations, and improve the terms and legislation. According to the combination of terms and other ways to improve the current legislative purpose provisions to set up chaos, so as to improve the expression level of the legislative purpose terms, improve the level of legislative technology, and promote the standardization of China's legislation.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D920.0

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