关于中西传统法律文化内在差异的历史考察

发布时间：2018-06-08 22:06

本文选题：礼法文化 + 权利文化　；参考：《中国政法大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 推进当代中国法治现代化进程的前提要件是对于我国固有法律文化与我们所要借鉴的西方法律文化的深刻反省与认识,要做到这一点,就必须深刻挖掘这两种法律文化的内在特质,发现其中的差异并找出可能存在的契合点,以为当前的法治建设提供必要的理论支持。事实上,自上个世纪八十年代开始至今,关于中西传统法律文化的理论研究可谓硕果累累。本文在相关理论研究的基础之上,以比较分析法、历史分析法等为工具,主要从下面几个方面探讨解决这一问题。第一部分:以中国传统法律文化的价值核心即“五伦十义”的维护为例,选取相应的案例,并截取西方传统法律文化就相同问题的处理方式及其考量的因素作为对比,以明确这种内在差异的具体内容及其特点。其中,中国传统礼法文化中解决争议所首先考虑的是对与伦理道德的维护,其希望通过对伦理道德的规范适用,引导人的行为以达到维护社会有序运行并最终实现和谐的理想社会图景。西方传统礼法文化则强调对于个体权利的维护,法律则集中体现了对个体权利的承认和维护,伦理道德本身并不能直接作为法律纠纷解决的手段。第二部分:主要考察了以“五伦十义”为核心的传统礼法文化与以个体权利维护为核心的西方传统法律文化形成的历史原因。其中,关于礼法文化的形成原因,本文主要考察分析了中华文明生成的地理因素、农耕文明以及“一多相容”的文明性格;而对于权利文化的形成原因,本文将其追溯至希腊文明并重点分析考察了地理条件、政治体制以及城邦政治等。因为两种法律文化的形成原因的巨大差异,导致了迥然不同的法律文化内容并决定了各自的历史命运。第三部分:主要在第二部分的分析基础之上,探讨了两种法律文化的内在特征以及由此形成的困境。其中,礼法文化因注重伦理道德规范作用,从而导致了等差社会的形成,并且由于礼法文化造成的家国一体的高度集权的政治体制等,使得礼法文化所追求的目的即“和谐”社会与其实现的手段之间不相符合,由此造成了礼法文化所无法解决的二重困境;权利文化的内在特征在于其强调法的神圣地位和作用,并且这种法以对个体权利的保护为核心理念,由此亦决定了个体对于法的实现的积极维护。同时,由于权利文化过渡强调了个体的价值和个体为法的实现的积极斗争等,使得其在社会环境变化的当今也面临着危机。通过对于这两种法律文化内在差异及其困境的分析,本文提出了当前中国法治现代化建设对于中国传统法律文化和对于西方传统法律文化应当坚持的态度,即以中国传统礼法文化所强调的“和谐”为当下法治建设的目的,并合理借鉴西方权利文化中对于个体人格的重视和保护,从而希望在实现个体人的独立价值的基础之上建设和谐的法治社会。结论部分:对于传统法律文化,根据全文的分析,应当合理区分其之所以形成以及其运行过程中所面临的困难,正确认识其中的优秀成分,并以之作为我们当下法治建设的借鉴对象。
[Abstract]:The prerequisite for promoting the modernization of the rule of law in contemporary China is a profound reflection and understanding of the inherent legal culture of China and the western legal culture we should draw on. In order to do this, we must deeply excavate the inherent characteristics of the two legal cultures, find out the differences and find the possible agreement points, and think that the present is present. The construction of the rule of law provides the necessary theoretical support. In fact, since the beginning of the 80s last century, the theoretical research on the traditional Chinese and western legal culture has been fruitful. On the basis of the relevant theoretical research, this paper uses comparative analysis, historical analysis and so on as a tool, mainly to discuss and solve the problem from the following aspects.
The first part: Taking the core of the value of Chinese traditional legal culture, that is, the maintenance of the "five Lun ten meanings" as an example, selecting the corresponding cases, and intercepting the western traditional legal culture on the same problems and the factors of consideration, in order to clarify the specific content and characteristics of the internal differences. Among them, Chinese traditional etiquette and law culture In order to solve the dispute, the first consideration is the maintenance of ethics and ethics. It hopes to guide people's behavior in order to maintain the orderly operation of the society and ultimately achieve harmony. The western traditional etiquette culture emphasizes the maintenance of individual rights and the law embodies the individual to the individual. The recognition and maintenance of rights cannot be directly used as a means to solve legal disputes.
The second part mainly examines the historical reasons for the formation of traditional legal culture, which takes the "five Lun ten meaning" as the core of the traditional culture of etiquette and law and the core of the maintenance of individual rights. Among them, the reasons for the formation of the etiquette and law culture are mainly investigated and analyzed the geographical factors of the Chinese civilization, the farming civilization and the "one more compatibility". With regard to the reasons for the formation of the culture of rights, this article traces its origin to the Greek civilization and focuses on the analysis of the geographical conditions, the political system and the politics of the city states. The great differences in the causes of the formation of the two kinds of legal cultures lead to very different legal literary content and determine their own historical fate.
The third part: on the basis of the analysis of the second parts, the internal characteristics of the two kinds of legal cultures and the resulting difficulties are discussed. Among them, the etiquette and law culture, due to the emphasis on the ethical and moral norms, leads to the formation of an equal society, and the highly centralized political system of the family state as a whole because of the culture of the law of rites and law, and so on. The aim of the culture of rites and law is that the "harmonious" society is not in conformity with the means to be realized, which leads to the double predicament that the culture of rites can not solve; the inherent characteristic of the culture of rights lies in its emphasis on the sacred status and function of the law, and this law is determined by the protection of individual rights as the core concept, and thus is also determined. At the same time, the individual's positive maintenance of the realization of the law. At the same time, the transition of the rights and culture emphasizes the individual value and the positive struggle of the individual for the realization of the law. It also faces the crisis in the change of the social environment. Through the analysis of the internal differences and the difficulties of the two kinds of legal cultures, the present rule of law in China is presented. We should adhere to the traditional legal culture of China and the traditional western legal culture, that is, "harmony", which is emphasized by the traditional Chinese etiquette and law culture, is the aim of the construction of the rule of law at the moment, and it is reasonable to draw on the attention and protection of the individual personality in the Western rights culture, so as to realize the independent price of the individual. On the basis of value, a harmonious society of the rule of law is built.
Conclusion part: for the traditional legal culture, according to the analysis of the full text, it is necessary to distinguish the reason why it is formed as well as the difficulties faced in the process of its operation, to correctly understand the outstanding components of the law, and to use it as a reference for the construction of the rule of law at the moment.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D909.1

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