清朝货币法制初探

发布时间：2018-06-13 21:00

本文选题：清朝 + 货币法制　；参考：《西南政法大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 货币法制是历代封建王朝经济法律制度的重要组成部分,是研究中国古代国家政权对经济生活法律规制的一个切入点。清代货币法制在中国古代经济法律史中占有重要地位,它既是古代中国封建货币法制发展的最完备形态,同时也艰难的孕育着近现代中国货币法制的某些因素。拙文正是从清朝货币法制的内容入手,深入分析了清朝货币法制不同阶段的特点,并结合历史对当今我国的经济现状进行了现实反思。本文约35000字,共四个部分。第一部分:绪论。绪论部分首先简要介绍了本文的研究对象及国内外相关课题的研究现状,阐述了本论题的历史意义和现实意义,本文的主要内容及本文研究的方法和思路。第二部分:简述清朝的货币法制。这是本文研究的重点。清朝作为中国的最后一个封建王朝,其各个时期的货币法制差异较大。鸦片战争是清朝历史的分水岭,故以鸦片战争为分界线,分阶段论述。清朝政府前中期的货币法制主要有以下四点:严格法定的币种。严厉打击私铸私销;借助法律手段稳定币值;有效调节市场货币流通量。那是因为,货币作为特殊等价物,其作用就在于,通过价值尺度与流通手段等作用,促进商品交换与市场贸易。货币法制的目就是要通过对货币质与量的规定,促进货币职能与作用的实现。鸦片战争以后的清朝货币法制又分为道光咸丰时期的法制和同治光绪宣统时期的法制。道光咸丰时期爆发了严重的财政危机,其货币法制主要是为了应对财政危机,关于“铸大钱”和发行“宝钞、官票”方面的;同治光绪宣统时期是中国封建社会的末尾,也是清朝的末尾,其货币法制则主要是关于近代银行的建立和银行券的发行方面的。第三部分:清朝货币法制的特点。这是本文研究的难点。清朝的货币法制因其阶段不同也有不同的特点。清朝前中期货币法制的特点主要有两点:其一,货币立法技术日臻成熟,货币法制系统日趋完备。首先,清朝前中期的货币立法突出的体现了对价值规律和交换规律的运用。货币立法以货币价值规律为基础。不断改革货币品式,是为了适应银钱比价的不断变动。在控制货币流通量的法制措施中,也体现了这一点。同时,在货币立法中还重视货币价值对物价的影响。其次,清朝前中期的货币立法还体现了因时因地因事立法的原则。这一点在清朝中前期货币立法的沿革中有深刻的体现。其二,制钱立法是清朝前中期货币法制的重心。那是因为法定币种中的制钱在清朝经济社会生活中占有极其重要的地位。鸦片战争后的清朝货币法制的特点也有两点:其一,社会政治经济环境动荡,货币法制紊乱。鸦片战争以后,清朝的政治经济环境出现了变化,其货币法制也出现了相应的变化。政治风云变幻诡谲,经济环境动荡不安,国外金融势力入侵严重,各省各自为政,币值币种混乱,出现的严重的币制危机。政府的货币法律也是朝令夕改。清朝的货币法制陷入严重的紊乱状态。其二,积极借鉴国外货币法制经验。鸦片战争给中国带来了阵痛,也带来了先进的文明。清朝政府开始积极学习外国货币法制经验,以应对严峻的经济形势。但封建王朝腐朽的的本体上不可能建立起完善先进的货币法制体系,这学习具有严重的半殖民地半封建性。第四部分:结语。我们研究历史的同时应进行现实思考,让历史的光辉照进现实,以史为鉴。近年来,我国经历了一个高通胀和经济过热的时期,我国的货币法制也处于一个转轨的时期。我们应从历史中寻找借鉴和出路,不能重蹈历史的覆辙。这是本文所研究的论题的现实意义。
[Abstract]:The monetary legal system is an important part of the economic legal system of the feudal dynasties of the past dynasties. It is an entry point to study the legal regulation of the economic life in ancient China. The Qing Dynasty monetary legal system occupies an important position in the history of the Chinese ancient economic law. It is not only the most complete form of the development of the ancient Chinese feudal currency legal system, but also hard. It is difficult to give birth to some factors of the monetary legal system in modern China. This paper, starting with the content of the monetary legal system in the Qing Dynasty, analyzes the characteristics of the different stages of the monetary legal system in the Qing Dynasty, and rethinks the current situation of our country with the history.
This article is about 35000 words, with four parts altogether.
The first part: introduction. First, the introduction briefly introduces the research object of this paper and the research status of relevant topics at home and abroad, expounds the historical significance and practical significance of the topic, the main content of this article and the methods and ideas of this study.
The second part: a brief account of the monetary legal system of the Qing Dynasty. This is the focus of this study. As the last feudal dynasty in China, the monetary legal system of the Qing Dynasty was different. The Opium War was the watershed in the history of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, the Opium War was divided into two stages. The first middle period of the Qing Dynasty government's monetary legal system was the following four. Point: strict legal currency. Crack down on private casting of private sales; stabilize the value of the currency by means of legal means; effectively regulate the circulation of money in the market. That is because, as a special equivalent, the function of the currency is to promote commodity exchange and market trade through the function of value and circulation. The monetary legal system of the Qing Dynasty after the Opium War was divided into the legal system of Dao Guang's Xianfeng Period and the legal system of the Tongzhi Guangxu period after the Opium War. The serious financial crisis broke out in the period of Dao Guang Xianfeng. Its monetary legal system was mainly to cope with the financial crisis, and the "cast big money" and issue "treasure". The period of Tongzhi Guangxu Xuan Tong was the end of the Chinese feudal society and the end of the Qing Dynasty. Its monetary legal system was mainly about the establishment of modern banks and the issue of bank vouchers.
The third part: the characteristics of the monetary legal system in the Qing Dynasty. This is the difficult point of this study. The monetary legal system in the Qing Dynasty has different characteristics because of its different stages. The characteristics of the monetary legal system in the middle and middle period of the Qing Dynasty are mainly two points: first, the monetary legislation technology is mature and the monetary legal system is getting ready. First, the monetary legislation in the middle of the Qing Dynasty is outstanding. It embodies the use of the law of value and the law of exchange. Monetary legislation is based on the law of monetary value. The continuous reform of monetary formula is to adapt to the constant change in the price of money. In the legal measures to control the circulation of money, it also embodies this point. At the same time, the influence of monetary value on the price is also emphasized in the monetary legislation. Secondly, The monetary legislation in the middle and middle period of the Qing Dynasty also embodied the principle of the time and ground legislation. This was a profound embodiment of the evolution of the monetary legislation in the early period of the Qing Dynasty. Secondly, the legislation of money making was the center of the first medium of the Qing Dynasty. After the Opium War, there were two characteristics of the Qing Dynasty's monetary legal system: first, the social political and economic environment was unrest and the monetary legal system was disorganized. After the Opium War, the political and economic environment of the Qing Dynasty changed, and its monetary legal system changed accordingly. The political situation was changeable, the economic environment was turbulent, and the foreign financial forces were invaded strictly. The government's monetary legal system was in a serious disorder. Secondly, the money legal system of the Qing Dynasty was in a serious disorder. Secondly, it took positive lessons from foreign currency legal experience. The Opium War brought China pain and advanced civilization. The Qing government began to learn actively. The experience of foreign currency legal system is used to deal with the severe economic situation. However, it is impossible to establish a perfect and advanced system of monetary legal system in the decadent feudal dynasty. This study has a serious semi colonial and semi feudal nature.
The fourth part: the conclusion. At the same time, we should think about the history, let the glory of history come into reality and take history as a mirror. In recent years, China has experienced a period of high inflation and economic overheating, and the monetary legal system of our country is in a period of transition. This is the practical significance of the topic studied in this article.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D929

【参考文献】