论法律漏洞及其填补

发布时间：2018-06-24 14:48

本文选题：法律漏洞 + 概念与分类　；参考：《云南财经大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：法律漏洞是任何法治国家都无法回避的理论和实践问题。近年来我国大陆及台湾学者对该问题的研究也取得了较大的成果，如梁慧星的《民法解释学》；黄茂荣的《法学方法与现代民法》；舒国滢、王夏昊、梁迎修等的《法学方法论问题研究》；杨仁寿的《法学方法论》；王利明的《法学方法论》等。这些研究大多侧重于对法律漏洞的概念及填补方法的分析探讨，并已经初步形成了一套完整的理论体系。本文由引言、主体部分的四章及结语组成。第一章引言介绍本文的写作背景、文献综述及文章结构的综述。第二章是法律漏洞理论的概述。首先介绍了理论界关于法律有无漏洞之争，并在此基础上得出制定法必然有漏洞的结论；其次论述了法律漏洞概念，即法律漏洞是指制定法对于争讼案件应当规范但由于种种原因而没有规范，，从而无法找到处理争议案件的适当法律规则之情形。再次介绍了法律漏洞的不同类型，并根据笔者的法律漏洞定义将法律漏洞分为明显漏洞与隐藏漏洞，依立法者或社会公众意愿和法律的字面含义都不能涵盖的是明显漏洞，若按法律字面含义已经涵盖，但事实上依立法原意或社会公众的意愿不应涵盖的是隐藏漏洞；最后是法律漏洞的认定。法官认定法律漏洞主要经历了转化事实与法官找法两个重要的思维过程。第三章是结合我国司法实践中的具体案例分析了对不同漏洞应适用不同的填补方法。具体来说，类推适用、适用习惯或习惯法、运用法理学说、目的性扩张等方法可以用来填补明显漏洞，而对于隐藏的法律漏洞则只能通过目的性限缩的方法来填补。在第四章中笔者对指导性案例与法律漏洞补充的关联性展开研究，主要讨论了案例指导制度的相关概念、运用指导性案例填补法律漏洞的意义、可行性，并为其构建了具体实施路线。笔者期望通过这些讨论，能够引起司法者和理论界对于指导性案例对法律漏洞的填补作用的重视，使其真正能为填补法律漏洞的实践贡献力量。司法是维护社会正义的最后一道屏障，司法活动的目的就是为了调整和解决社会生活的各种利益矛盾和纠纷，维持社会秩序。司法实务中，当有明确的法律规则可供适用时，法官当然应当依照法律规则裁判案件。但当没有明确的法律规则可以适用，出现法律漏洞时，法官应如何解决？在当前的司法体制之下，如何充分发挥法官在漏洞填补中的作用？对此，笔者在论文第五章中提出了自己的一些意见和建议，包括践行法官独立审判原则、规范法官的自由裁量权、改革司法文书、提高法官填补法律漏洞的能力等。第六章结语主要是对整个文章的总结。本文的创新之处是第四章案例指导制度与填补法律漏洞。法律漏洞的问题在成文法国家不可忽视，判例可以用作填补法律漏洞也早已成为学者的共识。但是我国的司法实践中，案例指导制度与填补法律漏洞的关联性没有得到足够的重视。在这一背景下，本文做了二者相关性的讨论，就是希望能够引起理论界和实务界的共鸣，使案例指导制度真正能够发挥其填补法律漏洞的作用。
[Abstract]:Legal loopholes are the theoretical and practical problems that any country ruled by law can not be avoided. In recent years, Chinese mainland and Taiwan scholars have made great achievements in the study of this problem, such as Liang Huixing's "Civil Law Hermeneutics >", Huang Maorong's law method and modern civil law, Shu Guoying, Wang Xia Hao, Liang Ying repair and so on. Yang Renshou's theory of jurisprudence; Wang Liming's theory of law and so on. Most of these studies focus on the analysis and discussion of the concept and filling methods of legal loopholes, and have initially formed a complete set of theoretical systems.
This article is made up of the introduction, the four chapter and the conclusion of the main part. The first chapter introduces the background of the writing, the literature review and the summary of the structure of the article. The second chapter is an overview of the theory of legal loopholes. This paper describes the concept of legal loopholes, which means that the legal loophole is the situation that the legal loopholes should be standardized but not standardized for various reasons, and can not find the appropriate legal rules to deal with the dispute cases. The different types of legal loopholes are introduced again, and the legal loopholes are divided into obvious leaks according to the author's legal loopholes. Holes and hidden loopholes can not be covered by the legislative or social public will and the literal meaning of the law. If it is covered by the literal meaning of the law, the hidden loopholes should not be covered in fact according to the original meaning of the legislation or the will of the public, and the last is the identification of the leak in the law. The judge identified the main experience of the legal loophole. Two important thinking processes of transformation fact and judge seeking law. The third chapter is to analyze the different filling methods which should be applied to different loopholes in our judicial practice. Specifically, the application of analogy, the application of habit or customary law, the use of jurisprudence theory, the purpose expansion, can be used to fill the obvious loopholes, and The hidden legal loopholes can only be filled through the method of target restriction. In the fourth chapter, the author studies the relevance of the guiding cases and the supplement of the legal loopholes, mainly discusses the related concepts of the case guidance system, and uses the guiding cases to fill the significance and feasibility of the legal loopholes, and constructs the concrete implementation way for them. The author expects that through these discussions, the judiciary and the theorists will pay attention to the filling of the loopholes in the legal loopholes in the guiding cases so that they can truly contribute to the practice of filling the loopholes in the law. In judicial practice, judges should of course judge cases in accordance with the rules of law in judicial practice. But when there is no clear legal rules that can be applied and when legal loopholes appear, how should a judge solve it? Under the current judicial system, how to give full play to the law In this paper, the author puts forward some suggestions and suggestions in the fifth chapter of the paper, including the practice of the principle of judge independent trial, the standard of judge's discretion, the reform of judicial documents, and the ability of judges to fill the loopholes of the law. The conclusion of the sixth chapter is the summary of the whole article.
The innovation of this article is the fourth chapter case guidance system and the filling of legal loopholes. The problem of legal loopholes can not be ignored in the statute countries. The case can be used to fill the loopholes in the law. In this context, this article has done the discussion of the two relevance, which is to arouse the resonance of the theoretical and practical circles, so that the case guidance system can truly play its role in filling the loopholes in the law.
【学位授予单位】：云南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D90

【参考文献】