庭审互动中预设现象的认知语用阐释

发布时间：2018-06-24 16:00

本文选题：预设 + 关联理论　；参考：《华中师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文尝试从认知语用的角度,对法庭询问中的预设现象进行分析论证,运用关联理论对法官、律师、公诉人和证人问答互动中使用的预设这一交际策略进行解读,从而帮助人们深入认识和理解法庭活动中的预设现象。同时,也为预设研究提供新的视角。鉴于法庭问答是具有冲突性的、以目的为导向的言语行为,对法庭询问预设进行认知语用解释有着很大的必要性。目前,国内外有关庭审问答中预设的研究多数仅停留在对这种交际策略的表层形式的描述,也有少数研究将预设置于庭审机构话语中并与权力这一因素结合起来研究,但鲜有文献从认知语用学的角度对庭审中的预设现象进行探讨。本文借助斯波伯和威尔逊的关联理论,以描述性和解释性相结合的方法,分析了庭审互动中典型的预设事例。本文共有五个部分,第一部分简要介绍了本文研究的背景、意义、目标和方法。第二部分回顾了逻辑学、语义学、语用学和心理学领域对预设的相关研究,并阐述了国内外对庭审互动中预设研究的现状。在这一部分里,我们分别讨论了各项研究的长短之处,借此提出从认知语用角度对预设进行研究的必要性。第三部分概述了本研究的理论框架—斯波伯和威尔逊的关联理论,并简要介绍了它的起源及它与认知、交际和理解的关系。在此基础之上,我们提出了预设解释的关联理论框架。第四部分是本文的分析部分,我们结合庭审预设的特点,尝试使用该框架去解释中国庭审互动中预设现象的认知语用机制,尤其是法官、律师和公诉人如何利用预设来达到自己的目的,被告、证人等如何成功识别并破除预设圈套。第五部分综述了本文的研究成果及其多庭审活动和中国司法体制改革的启示作用,该部分还指出了本文数据采集的局限性以及它对研究有效性的影响。通过全文的论述可知,关联理论适合于庭审中预设的研究,它在解释力上与目的原则是兼容的。利用语用预设的关联模式去解释庭审预设,不仅能够帮助我们深入地认识和理解庭审互动中的预设的心理运作机制,而且还能揭示庭审中存在的实际问题。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of cognitive pragmatics, this paper attempts to analyze and demonstrate the presupposition phenomenon in court questioning, and use relevance theory to interpret the presupposition used in the interaction of judges, lawyers, prosecutors and witnesses. In order to help people to understand and understand the activities of the Tribunal's presupposition phenomenon. At the same time, it also provides a new perspective for the study of presupposition. In view of the fact that the question and answer in court is a conflict and teleological speech act, it is necessary to explain the presupposition of court inquiry with cognitive pragmatics. At present, most of the researches on the presupposition in the trial questions and answers at home and abroad only focus on the description of the superficial form of this communicative strategy. There are also few studies that put the presupposition in the discourse of the court organ and combine it with the factor of power. However, few literatures discuss the presupposition in trial from the perspective of cognitive pragmatics. In this paper, with the help of Spob and Wilson's relevance theory, the typical presupposition cases in the trial interaction are analyzed by combining descriptive and explanatory methods. There are five parts in this paper. The first part briefly introduces the background, significance, goal and method of this study. The second part reviews the research on presupposition in the fields of logic, semantics, pragmatics and psychology, and expounds the present situation of presupposition in the interaction of trial at home and abroad. In this part, we discuss the merits and demerits of various studies and propose the necessity of studying presupposition from the perspective of cognitive pragmatics. The third part gives an overview of the theoretical framework of this study-Spob and Wilson's relevance theory, and briefly introduces its origin and its relationship with cognition, communication and understanding. On this basis, we propose a framework of relevance theory for presupposition interpretation. The fourth part is the analysis part of this paper, we try to use this framework to explain the cognitive pragmatic mechanism of the presupposition phenomenon in Chinese court trial, especially the judges, according to the characteristics of court trial presupposition. How lawyers and prosecutors use presuppositions to achieve their goals, how defendants and witnesses can successfully identify and break down presupposition traps. The fifth part summarizes the research results of this paper and the enlightenment of the multi-trial activities and the reform of China's judicial system. It also points out the limitations of the data collection and its impact on the effectiveness of the research. It can be seen from the full text that relevance theory is suitable for the study of presupposition in trial, and it is compatible with the principle of purpose in terms of interpretation. Using the relational mode of pragmatic presupposition to explain the presupposition of trial can not only help us to understand and understand the psychological mechanism of presupposition in the interaction of trial, but also reveal the practical problems existing in the trial.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H030;D90-053

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