宋代证据种类与运用研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 22:24

本文选题：宋代 + 证据种类　；参考：《中央民族大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国古代证据制度与技术高度发达起始于五代时期,到了唐宋时期达到了顶峰。宋代较之唐代又得到了进一步的完善。它直接体现了当时部分宋代执法者重视证据,重视调查研究,反对刑讯逼供的态度和善于抓住关键证据的断案技巧。宋代以后,在元明清时期,执法者在断案过程中仍是在大量延用宋代的做法,在证据的获取和运用上并无重大的突破。研究宋代证据制度对我国古代证据制度研究有着提纲挈领的重要作用。此外,近几年来,我国很多学者都有针对性地对宋代证据制度进行了大量的研究,如王云海主编的《宋代司法制度》等等。笔者认为,对宋代证据运用特点的研究,可以加深对我国封建时代诉讼、审判制度的了解,并有助于进一步探讨宋代的证据制度和诉讼制度。通过案例分析可以看出,宋代断案中证据的运用具有两个明显特点：证据种类繁多；证据运用巧妙。对于证据种类繁多,宋代一些具有典型的审判案例让我们看到,充足扎实的证据,已经在审判中得到了较为全面的运用。根据宋代执法者在断案过程中所运用到的证据证明力的强弱,笔者将宋代证据分为两大类加以分析,即：主要证据和辅助证据。对于证据运用巧妙,本文从各种案例出发,对证据收集技巧和运用方法进行了全面分析。通过文献记载我们能够看到,一些睿智的宋代执法者依据客观条件,发挥了自己的智慧,巧妙地运用了各种行之有效的手段,保证了对案件关键证据的获取和对已有证据的巧妙运用。并且在面对案件出现的疑点时,能够在各种证据中查找关键点、发现疑点,最终破获了案件,辨明了冤屈。但我们也要看到,这些案例只是些非常规案例,并不能代表当时普遍的情况。宋代断案者在办案过程中,仍体现出很多弊端。导致这些弊端的原因是多种多样的。我们单从证据运用的角度上看,宋代证据的运用仍体现出：个案证据单一、程序不公正、滥用刑讯逼供等等弊端和不足。如今,我们应该抱着一种学习的眼光,既要善于看到宋代证据运用的优点加以借鉴,也要能够发现它的缺点注意避免。从而为我国现代司法审判制度做出贡献。
[Abstract]:The highly developed ancient evidence system and technology in China began in the five dynasties and reached its peak in the Tang and Song dynasties. Compared with the Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty was further improved. It directly reflects the attitude of some law enforcers in Song Dynasty who attached importance to evidence, investigation and research, opposed to extorting confessions by torture, and was good at grasping the key evidence. After the Song Dynasty, in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the law enforcers still used a large number of practices in the process of adjudication, and there was no significant breakthrough in the acquisition and application of evidence. The study of the evidence system in the Song Dynasty plays an important role in the study of the ancient evidence system in China. In addition, in recent years, many scholars in our country have done a lot of research on the evidence system of Song Dynasty, such as Wang Yunhai's "Song Dynasty Judicial system" and so on. The author believes that the study of the characteristics of the use of evidence in the Song Dynasty can deepen the understanding of the litigation and trial system of the feudal era in China, and help to further explore the evidence system and the litigation system of the Song Dynasty. Through the case analysis, we can see that the use of evidence in the Song Dynasty has two obvious characteristics: there are many kinds of evidence, and the use of evidence is clever. For the variety of evidence, some typical trial cases in Song Dynasty let us see that sufficient and solid evidence has been fully used in the trial. According to the strength and weakness of the evidential power used by the law enforcers in the Song Dynasty, the author divides the evidence into two categories, namely, the main evidence and the auxiliary evidence. For the skillful use of evidence, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the techniques and methods of evidence collection from various cases. Through documentary records, we can see that some wise law enforcers of the Song Dynasty, based on objective conditions, have brought their wisdom into full play and skillfully used various effective means. It ensures the acquisition of the key evidence in the case and the skillful use of the existing evidence. And in the face of the case of doubt, can find key points in all kinds of evidence, find doubt, finally broke the case, identified grievances. But we also have to see that these cases are unconventional cases and do not represent the prevailing situation at the time. In the process of handling cases, Song Dynasty adjudicators still showed a lot of malpractices. There are many reasons for these malpractices. Only from the point of view of the use of evidence, the use of evidence in Song Dynasty is still reflected in: single case evidence, unfair procedure, abuse of torture to extract confessions and so on. Nowadays, we should take a study view, we should be good at seeing the advantages of the use of evidence in the Song Dynasty to learn from, but also to be able to find its shortcomings to avoid. So as to make a contribution to the modern judicial system of our country.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D925;D929

【参考文献】