司法三段论探析

发布时间：2018-07-05 20:28

本文选题：司法三段论 + 大前提　；参考：《吉林大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 司法三段论在法官判案的司法实践中具有重要的作用。但是,它不能象逻辑三段论那样,由大、小前提直接推出必然的判决结果。司法三段论的大前提是法律规范,法律规范是应然的规范性陈述;司法三段论的小前提是案件事实,案件事实是一个实然的命题。如何从应然的法律规范和实然的案件事实推出正确的法律判决?这是在传统的“事实”与“规范”二分的观念下,司法三段论不得不面临的一个难题。司法判决要追求的不是客观性,而是判决的可接受性。司法判决做出的过程绝非单纯的司法三段论的推理模式,它涉及到一系列复杂的法律推理和价值判断。因此,要解决这一“实然”与“应然”的问题,必须打破传统的二分观念,从一种诠释学的认识论角度出发,重新认识司法三段论推理模式中的大、小前提。在开始三段论的推理之前,必须先使法定构成要件中的规范事实与现实中具体的生活事实进入一种关系,在这种关系中使它们相同,从而实现在事实中对规范的再认识,以及在规范中对事实的再认识。司法三段论的大、小前提的获得离不开诠释学观念下的法律解释与法律论证理论的结合。这种观念的转变和方法的多样化有助于法官探寻法律规范和案件事实中共同的“意义”,从而做出既合乎逻辑,又具有说服力的司法判决。
[Abstract]:Judicial syllogism plays an important role in judicial practice. However, it can not be as logical syllogism, from large, small premises directly infer the inevitable outcome. The major premise of judicial syllogism is the legal norm, the legal norm is the normative statement as it should be, and the small premise of judicial syllogism is the facts of the case, and the facts of the case are a real proposition. How to put forward the correct legal judgment from the legal norms and the actual facts of the case? This is a difficult problem that judicial syllogism has to face under the traditional dichotomy of "fact" and "norm". What the judicial decision should pursue is not objectivity, but the acceptability of the judgment. The process of judicial decision is not a simple judicial syllogism reasoning model, it involves a series of complicated legal reasoning and value judgment. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, we must break the traditional dichotomy and reunderstand the big and small premises of judicial syllogism from the perspective of epistemology of hermeneutics. Before we start the syllogism reasoning, we must put the normative facts in the legal constituent elements into a relationship with the concrete life facts in reality, and make them the same in this relation, so as to realize the reunderstanding of the norms in the facts. And the recognition of the fact in the norm. The acquisition of judicial syllogism is inseparable from the combination of legal interpretation and legal argumentation under hermeneutics. The transformation of this concept and the diversification of methods will help the judges to explore the common "meaning" in the legal norms and the facts of the case, so as to make both logical and persuasive judicial decisions.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D90-051;D916

【参考文献】