道德法律化的法律经济学分析

发布时间：2018-07-05 20:56

本文选题：道德法律化 + 法律经济学　；参考：《中南民族大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 道德的法律化是道德与法律关系中的一个基本问题,已有的研究成果极少用法律经济学方法对其进行系统分析。笔者以法律经济学的理论为基础来分析道德法律化这样一个法理学命题,试图在一个不同的视角下,对道德法律化得到更为清晰和理性的认识。第一部分考察道德法律化的概念。通过介绍道德法律化概念的代表性观点,尝试将道德法律化界定为:道德法律化是国家在立法、执法和司法的过程中,将一定的道德规范、道德理念上升为法律规范或使之具有法律效力的活动。其中道德立法既是道德法律化的重点,也是道德法律化的核心。第二部分对道德法律化的合理性进行法律经济学分析。运用经济人理论进行分析,提出道德法律化的主体条件是理性经济人。在确定这个前提后我们方能在具体的道德法律化制度设计中通过有针对性的加大理性经济人道德失范行为所承担的经济损失和社会责任,来影响理性经济人的行为选择,改善道德失范的社会现状。运用市场失灵理论分析在市场经济条件下所产生的道德滑坡,尤其是企业、行业道德的滑坡具有客观必然性。道德滑坡恰好为道德法律化提供了现实依据。运用机会主义、委托代理理论解析道德风险,尤其是政治道德风险在现今政治体制下频繁出现的内在缘由,提出道德法律化为解决这一问题提供了有效的约束机制。第三部分对道德法律化的有限性进行法律经济学分析。一方面,运用资源稀缺性理论和成本效益理论阐释道德立法的限度,提出在道德法律化过程中必须立足于立法资源的稀缺性,注重成本收益分析,从而明确道德立法是否进行,何时进行,防止出现因盲目立法而造成的立法资源浪费和社会成本的无效用耗费。另一方面,运用博弈理论对法律化的道德进行限定,指出:只有基本社会道德、涉及人的行为层面的客观道德,同时其本身又是有利于人类生存和发展的道德才能法律化,避免出现所有道德法律化的错误倾向。虽然本文对道德法律化的法律经济学分析以道德立法为重点,但是在法律实施的执法与司法环节中,同样有着道德法律化合理性与有限性的存在,结语部分对此作了简单论述。
[Abstract]:The legalization of morality is a basic problem in the relationship between morality and law. On the basis of the theory of law and economics, the author analyzes the legalization of morality as a legal proposition and tries to get a clearer and more rational understanding of the legalization of morality from a different angle of view. The first part examines the concept of moral legalization. By introducing the representative viewpoint of the concept of moral legalization, this paper attempts to define moral legalization as the following: in the process of legislation, law enforcement and administration of justice, a certain moral standard is defined as the legalization of morality. The moral idea rises to the legal norm or makes it have the legal effect the activity. The moral legislation is not only the focus of moral legalization, but also the core of moral legalization. The second part analyzes the rationality of moral legalization. By using the theory of economic man, the author puts forward that the subject condition of moral legalization is rational economic man. After this premise is determined, we can influence the rational economic man's behavior choice by increasing the economic loss and social responsibility of the rational economic man's moral anomie behavior in the specific moral legalization system design. To improve the social situation of moral anomie. It is necessary to apply the theory of market failure to analyze the moral decline in market economy, especially in enterprises and industries. The moral decline provides a realistic basis for the legalization of morality. By means of opportunism and principal-agent theory, this paper analyzes moral hazard, especially the internal cause of the frequent emergence of political moral hazard under the present political system, and puts forward that moral legalization provides an effective restraint mechanism to solve this problem. The third part analyzes the limitation of moral legalization. On the one hand, using the theory of scarcity of resources and the theory of cost-effectiveness to explain the limits of moral legislation, the author points out that in the process of moral legalization, we must base ourselves on the scarcity of legislative resources, pay attention to cost-benefit analysis, and then make clear whether moral legislation is carried out or not. When to proceed, to prevent the waste of legislative resources caused by blind legislation and the inefficient consumption of social costs. On the other hand, the game theory is used to limit the legalization of morality. It points out that only the basic social morality, which involves the objective morality of human behavior, can be legalized only when it is beneficial to the survival and development of human beings. Avoid all false tendencies towards the legalization of morality. Although this article focuses on moral legislation in the legal and economic analysis of moral legalization, the rationality and limitation of moral legalization also exist in the law enforcement and judicial links, and the conclusion part briefly discusses this.
【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D90-059

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