孙中山与《中华民国临时约法》关系纵论

发布时间：2018-07-10 04:51

本文选题：孙中山 + 辛亥革命　；参考：《华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2012年05期

【摘要】：孙中山在寻求中国革命真理的过程中,借鉴并批判西方国家的三权分立制度,独创了五权宪法学说,作为与其三民主义并列的指导思想。但是在辛亥革命期间,以同盟会为主体的中国革命党人,并未了解和接受五权宪法,不但组建了三权分立的南京临时政府,而且制订了与五权宪法相背离的《中华民国临时约法》。"二次革命"失败后,孙中山虽然使中华革命党再次打出了五权宪法的旗帜,但为了反对北洋军阀,却又要继续维护《中华民国临时约法》,以之作为"批判的武器"。随着护法运动的一再失败,孙中山也在对于临时约法进行"武器的批判"的同时,进一步完善了五权宪法学说。孙中山与临时约法的关系,历时10余年。他通过对于临时约法的扬弃而完善起来的五权宪法学说,虽然在理论与实践上难免理想主义的色彩,但对于当时和后世,仍有思想武器之价值。
[Abstract]:In the process of seeking the truth of Chinese revolution, Sun Zhongshan drew lessons from and criticized the system of separation of powers in western countries, and created the doctrine of constitutional law of five powers as the guiding ideology juxtaposed with the three people's principles. However, during the Revolution of 1911, members of the Chinese Revolutionary Party, with the Alliance as the main body, did not understand and accept the five-power constitution, and not only formed the provisional government in Nanjing with the separation of three powers, Moreover, the interim Treaty Law of the Republic of China, which deviates from the Constitution of the five Powers, has been formulated. " After the defeat of the second Revolution, Sun Zhongshan made the Chinese Revolutionary Party once again raise the banner of the five-power constitution, but in order to oppose the northern warlords, it was necessary to continue to safeguard the interim Treaty Law of the Republic of China as a "critical weapon". With the repeated failure of the law enforcement movement, Sun Zhongshan further perfected the five powers constitutional theory while criticizing the law of temporary covenant. The relationship between Sun Zhongshan and the law of temporary contract lasted more than 10 years. Through the sublation of the temporary contract law and the improvement of the five powers of constitutional jurisprudence, although in theory and practice it is inevitable to idealism, but for the time and later generations, there is still the value of ideological weapons.
【作者单位】：北京大学历史系;
【分类号】：D929;K257;K258

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