法律实效主义探析

发布时间：2018-12-06 13:18

【摘要】： 本文开宗明义便提出了“法律实效主义”的概念并做了具体的解析和对比。我们区分了实用主义和实效主义的意涵,实效主义( pragmaticism)和实用主义( pragmatism)的英文拼写只不过多了两个字母,皮尔斯曾说“一种学说的名称将像通常那样以-ism结尾,而-icism则表示对某一学说的认可做出一种更加严格的限定”;我们对法律实效主义的提法的合适度给出理由,强调恢复皮尔斯的传统,皮尔斯强调,这种崭新的理论最为令人瞩目的特征,正在于它确认在理性认识和理性目的之间有着不可分割的联系,法律实效主义正是具有这样的特征才会有其生命力;同时我们还对法律实效主义同法律现实主义、法律实证主义、功利主义做了简单的对比。本文的第二部分按照Summers的逻辑对美国的法律实效主义传统进行精致的梳理和研究。我们考察了这个理论的渊源、特征,对其价值理论进行了仔细的剖析,对其“法律是实现目标的工具”这一实效主义者的箴言从目标和手段的整体上做精细的分析;随后,我们分别在法律创制、法律的有效性判断标准、法律的解释和适用、法律的实施、法律的运用成功的评判标准中先罗列出法律实效主义的基本观念,接着描述Summers的批判和有益的补充,最后加上我们自己的理解和评论。纵观法律实效主义在法律运用的各个领域所秉持的观念,我们认为,这个理论注重分析法律对人们的现实行为之影响、注重研究法律带来的实际效果,并用实际效果来检验法律——也即法律目标和手段的互动——对我国的立法者应该有所启发。但在现实中,法律的实效总是很难实现,故此,在第三部分阐述在法律目标和法律手段的互动中法律不断进化的基本特征,为保障进化中的的法律实效,我们提出引入博弈论,主张博弈论才能使法律实效主义成为可能,以期打开法学研究的一个全新视角。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of this paper, the concept of "legal pragmatism" is put forward, and the concrete analysis and contrast are made. We distinguish between pragmatism and pragmatism, (pragmaticism) and (pragmatism) are spelled with only two more letters, and Pierce once said, "the name of a doctrine will end in-ism as usual. -icism, on the other hand, implies a more stringent qualification of the acceptance of a doctrine "; We give reasons for the appropriateness of the formulation of legal pragmatism, emphasizing the restoration of Pierce's tradition, which Pierce emphasizes as the most striking feature of this new theory. It is precisely in that it affirms that there is an inseparable link between rational cognition and rational purpose, and that legal pragmatism has such characteristics that it will have its vitality. At the same time, we also make a simple comparison between legal pragmatism and legal realism, legal positivism and utilitarianism. In the second part of this paper, according to the logic of Summers, the American tradition of legal pragmatism is carefully combed and studied. We have examined the origin and characteristics of this theory, analyzed its value theory carefully, and made a detailed analysis of its "law is the tool to achieve the goal", which is the maxim of pragmatists, from the whole of goal and means. Subsequently, we list the basic concepts of legal pragmatism in the criteria of legal creation, the validity of law, the interpretation and application of law, the implementation of law, and the successful application of law. Then describes Summers's critique and useful additions, and finally our own understanding and comments. Throughout the concept of legal pragmatism in various fields of legal application, we believe that this theory focuses on analyzing the impact of law on people's actual behavior, and on studying the practical effects of law. And test the law with practical effect-namely the interaction of legal goal and means-should enlighten the legislator of our country. However, in reality, the effectiveness of law is always difficult to achieve. Therefore, in the third part, the basic characteristics of law evolving in the interaction between legal objectives and legal means are expounded. In order to ensure the law effectiveness in evolution, we propose the introduction of game theory. In order to open a new perspective of legal research, it is possible to advocate game theory to make the doctrine of legal effectiveness possible.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D90

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