论公司董事对第三人的民事责任

发布时间：2019-01-18 10:05

【摘要】：三鹿奶粉事件中众多的受害人因为董事会的决策、董事的职务行为遭受损害，三鹿破产，董事及相关责任人承担了相应的行政责任与刑事责任，但并未对受害者承担民事责任。我国民法实行绝对的法人机关理论，董事因职务行为产生的法律责任均由法人承担。现代公司中董事享有权力的广泛性，与其责任承担的有限性，造成董事权力与责任的不对称。董事的违法行为不仅侵害了公司利益，也给公司以外的第三人造成损失，我国法律仅规定董事向公司承担责任，并没有要求董事对第三人承担责任。法律的缺位，使第三人遭受的损害缺乏有效的救济。本文以三鹿奶粉事件为引线，系统地探讨董事对第三人民事责任制度，完善董事的责任体系，旨在规范董事的职务行为和保护第三人的合法权益。全文结构除引言与结语外，共有四部分。第一部分案例简介与思考。简要介绍三鹿集团奶粉事件的经过，，从现实的角度指出董事对第三人民事责任的缺失，以及董事对第三人承担民事责任的必要。第二部分董事对第三人承担民事责任的论证及意义。分析我国董事对第三人民事责任的立法方面的不足，并探讨出现这种现象的原因。论证董事对第三人承担民事责任的必要性以及可行性，并从法律的和谐统一、维护公司利益以及保障社会的稳定三个方面讨论董事对第三人承担民事责任的积极意义。第三部分董事对第三人民事责任制度的理论基础，本部分从法人本质入手，以法人本质为基础讨论董事的法律地位，以及董事权责的不一致的现实，分析董事对第三人承担民事责任的理论基础。第四部分董事对第三人民事责任制度的架构。从日韩立法和我国台湾地区立法对比分析得出董事须承担责任的归责原则。总结我国董事对第三人民事责任制度的构成要件。进而讨论董事对第三人民事责任的承担方式、程序制度以及特定情况下董事责任的豁免。
[Abstract]:Many victims of Sanlu Milk Powder incident suffered damage to the directors' duty behavior because of the decision of the board of directors, Sanlu went bankrupt, the directors and the relevant responsible persons bear the corresponding administrative responsibility and criminal responsibility, but they did not bear civil liability to the victims. The civil law of our country carries out the absolute theory of the legal person organ, and the legal liability of the director arising from the duty act is assumed by the legal person. The universality of directors' rights in modern companies and the limitation of their responsibilities lead to the asymmetry of directors' rights and responsibilities. The illegal behavior of directors not only infringes the interests of the company, but also causes losses to the third party outside the company. The law of our country only requires the directors to bear the responsibility to the company, and does not require the directors to bear the responsibility to the third party. The absence of the law makes the damage suffered by the third person lack of effective remedy. Based on the Sanlu milk powder incident, this paper systematically discusses the system of directors' civil liability to the third party and consummates the director's liability system, aiming at standardizing the director's duty behavior and protecting the third party's legal rights and interests. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, there are four parts. The first part is case introduction and thinking. This paper briefly introduces the process of the milk powder incident in Sanlu Group, points out the lack of the director's civil liability to the third party and the necessity for the director to bear the civil liability to the third party from the point of view of reality. The second part is the demonstration and significance of the director's civil liability to the third party. This paper analyzes the deficiency of the legislation of the director's civil liability to the third party, and probes into the reasons for this phenomenon. This paper demonstrates the necessity and feasibility of the director's civil liability to the third party, and discusses the positive significance of the director's civil liability to the third party from three aspects: the harmony and unification of the law, the maintenance of the company's interests and the guarantee of social stability. The third part discusses the legal status of directors and the inconsistent reality of directors' rights and responsibilities, starting with the nature of legal person, and discussing the legal status of directors on the basis of the nature of legal person, and the theoretical basis of the system of civil liability of directors to the third party. The theoretical basis of the director's civil liability to the third party is analyzed. The fourth part is the structure of the system of directors' civil liability to the third party. From the comparative analysis of the legislation of Japan and Korea and the legislation of Taiwan region, the principle of imputation of directors' responsibility is obtained. Summarize the constitution of the civil liability system of director to the third party in our country. Then the paper discusses the way of the director's civil liability to the third party, the procedural system and the exemption of the director's liability under certain circumstances.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D920.5;D922.291.91

【参考文献】